Proximate analysis of fruits and vegetables wastes from Nairobi County, Kenya

Kamau, John; Mbui, None Damaris Nduta; Mwaniki, Joseph M.; Mwaura, Francis

doi:10.31248/rjfsn2019.088

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The low carbohydrate, moderate lipid, and protein levels were noticeable in the derivative energy contents for the whole C. limon in this study. The energy values for the whole C. limon and C. clementina fruits in our study were higher compared to the ones reported for fruits and vegetable wastes, which ranged from 3.06 to 40.00% (Kamau et al, 2020). However, the energy values for the whole C. limon and C. clementina fruits were lower compared to the energy contents of some vegetables (248.8-307.1%) reported by Isong et al (1999).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

“…In addition, carbohydrates are also very vital for supplying glucose for brain functioning. The carbohydrate content in the whole C. clementina fruits from the present study was higher compared to fruit and vegetable wastes from cucumber (2.17%), coriander (2.16%), tomatoes (2.93%), and spinach (2.38%) as reported by Kamau et al (2020). The low level of carbohydrate content in the whole C. limon was comparable to courgette fruit (1.99%) reported by Kamau et al (2020).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

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A comparative analysis of the proximate and mineral composition of whole Citrus limon and Citrus clementina as a prospective alternative feed resource for livestock farming in South Africa

Idamokoro

Hosu

Oyedeji

et al. 2022

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Citrus is a well-known vital fruit grown in South Africa. The presence of important bio-nutrients and metabolites within the different Citrus fruits indicates their significant nutritional qualities. This study is aimed to evaluate the proximate and mineral components of whole Citrus limon and Citrus clementina while considering them as prospective feed material for livestock farmers in South Africa. The nutritional evaluation was done using standard analytical procedures of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). The mineral constituents of the whole citrus samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). From the result, the nutritional analysis showed that the whole C. limon contains significantly higher moisture content (14.13 ± 0.57) and fiber content (24.48 ± 0.61) than C. clementina (11.41 ± 1.24 and 20.66 ± 1.07). Meanwhile, C. clementina had a significantly higher protein value (8.65 ± 0.04) compared to C. limon (5.53 ± 0.10). Furthermore, the whole C. clementina had significantly higher K, Na, P, Zn, and Na+/K+ (1513.33 ± 16.99, 53.33 ± 4.71, 160.00 ± 0.00, 4.80 ± 0.00, and 1.09 ± 0.01) than the whole C. limon (1356.67 ± 20.55, 30.00 ± 0.00, 133.33±4.71, 1.67 ± 0.09, and 0.80 ± 0.02), respectively. While C. limon had significantly higher Ca, Mg, Mn, and Fe (593.33 ± 4.71, 160.00 ± 0.00, 1.00 ± 0.00, and 4.53 ± 0.25) compared to C. clementina (483.33 ± 4.71, 136.67 ± 4.71, 0.80 ± 1.11, and 3.43 ± 0.05). The study revealed variations in some nutritional and mineral components of whole C. limon and C. clementina; however, both citrus fruits have the potential to be explored for more significant livestock nutritional use in South Africa.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

A comparative analysis of the proximate and mineral composition of whole Citrus limon and Citrus clementina as a prospective alternative feed resource for livestock farming in South Africa

Idamokoro

Hosu

Oyedeji

et al. 2022

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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“…Nitrogen free extract (NFE) in proximate analysis represents sugars and starch and is obtained by difference rather than by measurement. NFE represents soluble carbohydrates (JM et al, 2020). Diet T3 (47.9%) had the lowest (p<0.05) NFE content, while T1 (68.2%) and T2 (64.6%) had higher NFE contents.…”

Section: Proximate Composition Of Sorghum-based Formulationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Nutrient composition of Sorghum-Based Rations and their effect on growth of Improved Indigenous Chicken in Western Kenya

Kiptui,

Mewa,

Rachuonyo

et al. 2024

East Afr. j. agric. biotechnol.

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Improved indigenous chicken contributes to the nutrition of farmers in rural communities. The use of maize as an energy source in chicken diets is becoming unacceptable due to competition from humans, resulting in high feed costs. Alternative energy sources like low-tannin sorghum can be grown in Western Kenya. The objective of the study was to determine the nutrient composition of sorghum-based diets and the growth of improved indigenous chicken in Busia and Siaya Counties. Dietary treatments consisted of 50% (T1), 75% (T2) sorghum inclusion, and control (commercial diet) (T3). Farmers on semi-intensive were provided dietary treatments, and free-range (T4) was not provided. Feed samples were subjected to laboratory analysis for proximate composition, amino acids, and tannin content. Growth characteristics were collected biweekly. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, and then means that differed significantly were separated using Tukey’s test in Genstat 14th edition. For proximate composition, dry matter was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T2 (91.9%) and T3 (92.1%) compared to T1 (91.4%). Crude fat was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T2 (9.54%) than in T1 (6.84%) and T3 (6.57%). The crude fibre was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T3 (14.3%) compared to T1 (3.37%) and T2 (3.62%). Crude protein was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T2 (15.8%) and T1 (15.2%) compared to T3 (12.6%). Metabolisable energy was significantly (p<0.05) lower in T3 (2723 Kcal/Kg) compared to T1 (3569 Kcal/Kg) and T2 (3684 Kcal/Kg). Amino acids (lysine, methionine, cysteine, and tryptophan) content in diets T2 and T3 were significantly (p<0.05) higher than T1. The tannin content of the sorghum variety C26 was 1.24%. T1 had a significantly high (p<0.05) mean final weight (970 g), body weight gain (804 g), daily weight gain (14.4 g), and feed conversion ratio (5.57). Mortality was highest at T4 (17.1%). It was concluded that the inclusion of 50% low tannin sorghum meets chicken feed nutritional requirements and is best for growth performance. The study recommended that farmers rearing chicken should plant low tannin sorghum to be utilized as feed ingredient to cut the cost of production

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“…However, the elementary composition of the flies used in the analysis remained the same for both systems and was sourced from the literature. The number and assumed weight of the BSF are the same for both systems and were derived from studies conducted by Dortmans et al and Gougbedji et al [13,37]. The BSFL output for both systems is based on the data acquired from the case study.…”

Section: Bsf Bsfl Production and Breedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open and Closed Black Soldier Fly Systems Tradeoff Analysis

Chineme,

Assefa

2023

Sustainability

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When it comes to waste management, it is essential to consider human and environmental safety, financial feasibility, and social benefits. So often, one of these factors takes priority over the others. However, integrated social, environmental, and economic benefits are more apparent with insect-based waste treatment technology like the Black Soldier Fly (BSF) system. BSF waste treatment is an innovative and adaptable technique that offers sustainable benefits to communities in developing countries because it can be designed to be as simple or complex as required. Depending on the local context, simple (open) systems based on naturally occurring flies or more complex (closed) systems based on captured fly colonies are viable. However, what are the environmental tradeoffs when choosing between these two systems? The surge in the use of both BSF systems makes this consideration imperative. Furthermore, until now, the environmental and social impacts of open BSF waste treatment systems have not been compared. The environmental tradeoffs in implementing an affordable, socially accepted, open BSF biowaste treatment system are explored in this study to address this gap. Co-production for delivering public services was used to develop an accepted BSF system through a case study by applying qualitative interaction research methodologies. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was then used to compare the environmental impacts of natural ovipositing BSF systems compared to captured BSF systems. Natural ovipositing BSF (open) systems, in comparison, have reduced climate change (33%) and water, land, and energy use (55%, 37% and 32%) while also motivating the development of socially accepted infrastructure measured through community engagement. This mixed-methods approach facilitates the development of contextually appropriate technology in low-income communities in developing and developed countries while also reducing environmental consequences.

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Proximate analysis of fruits and vegetables wastes from Nairobi County, Kenya

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

A comparative analysis of the proximate and mineral composition of whole Citrus limon and Citrus clementina as a prospective alternative feed resource for livestock farming in South Africa

A comparative analysis of the proximate and mineral composition of whole Citrus limon and Citrus clementina as a prospective alternative feed resource for livestock farming in South Africa

Nutrient composition of Sorghum-Based Rations and their effect on growth of Improved Indigenous Chicken in Western Kenya

Open and Closed Black Soldier Fly Systems Tradeoff Analysis

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