Proximal Sensing of Soil Electrical Conductivity Provides a Link to Soil-Plant Water Relationships and Supports the Identification of Plant Water Status Zones in Vineyards

Yu, Runze; Kurtural, S. Kaan

doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.00244

Cited by 26 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Our findings are corroborated with previous work, where clay soil would lead to less plant available water, although clay soil had higher water holding capacity than sandy soil (Tramontini et al, 2013). Furthermore, Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines grown in clay soil would result in lower g s and A n compared to grapevines grown in soils that had higher proportion of sandy soils (Yu and Kurtural, 2020).…”

Section: Soil Bulk Ec and Plant Water Status Spatial Relationshipssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Thus, the spatial variability derived from vineyard soils will inevitably be expressed in the whole plant physiology at the cost of homogeneity of vineyard productivity and quality. We previously reported the spatial variation of midday stem water potential affecting grapevine carbon assimilation and stomatal conductance of grapevine (Brillante et al, 2017;Yu and Kurtural, 2020). The resultant variations in wholeplant physiology were associated to flavonoid composition and concentration at the farm gate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial Variability of Soil and Plant Water Status and Their Cascading Effects on Grapevine Physiology Are Linked to Berry and Wine Chemistry

Brillante

Martínez‐Lüscher

et al. 2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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The relationships between differences in plant water status, induced by spatial variability in soil texture, and the changes in berry and wine composition were investigated in an irrigated Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinefera L.) vineyard for 2 years. A stratified and an equidistant grid were overlaid on the vineyard to characterize the soil texture by proximal sensing, soil sampling, and grapevine physiological and berry chemical development. Based on the midday stem water potential (stem) integrals, the vineyard was divided into two functional homogenous zones: Zone 1 with higher water stress and Zone 2 with lower water. Zone 1 consistently had lower stem , net carbon assimilation, and stomatal conductance in both years. Berry weight and titratable acidity were lower in Zone 1 at harvest. Zone 2 reached 26 and 24 • Bx total soluble solids (TSS) at harvest in Years 1 and 2, respectively, with higher TSS values of 30 and 27 • Bx in Zone 1. Ravaz index did not vary spatially. Fruits were harvested differentially in both years and vinified separately from the two zones. In Year 1, all berry skin anthocyanin derivatives, tri-, di-hydroxylated, and total anthocyanins concentrations were higher in Zone 2. However, in Year 2, only malvidin, tri-hydroxylated, and total anthocyanins were higher in Zone 1. There were no differences in wine flavonoids in Year 2 when harvest commenced earlier. In both years, stem , berry weight, and TSS were directly related to soil bulk electrical conductivity (EC). Our results indicated vineyard variability stemmed from soil texture that affected long-term plant water status which does not affect spatial variability of Ravaz Index. In conclusion, our work provides fundamental knowledge about the applicability of soil bulk EC sensing in the vineyards, and its potential directional utilization by connecting proximal soil sensing to spatial distribution of whole-plant physiological performance together with berry and wine chemistry.

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Section: Soil Bulk Ec and Plant Water Status Spatial Relationshipssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Variability of Soil and Plant Water Status and Their Cascading Effects on Grapevine Physiology Are Linked to Berry and Wine Chemistry

Brillante

Martínez‐Lüscher

et al. 2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…A "selfie-stick" was used for an easy access to place the device about 75 cm underneath the canopy. The device was positioned with the maximum length of the screen being perpendicular to the cordon, and the cordon being in the middle of the screen according to previous work (De Bei et al, 2016;Yu and Kurtural, 2020). In each experimental unit, three images were taken to capture half canopy of each vine, and analyzed by the software.…”

Section: Weather Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Ranges and Thresholds of Grape Berry Solar Radiation for Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Warm Climates

et al. 2020

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In commercial wine grape production, canopy management practices are applied to control the source-sink balance and improve the cluster microclimate to enhance berry composition. The aim of this study was to identify the optimal ranges of berry solar radiation exposure (exposure) for upregulation of flavonoid biosynthesis and thresholds for their degradation, to evaluate how canopy management practices such as leaf removal, shoot thinning, and a combination of both affect the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) yield components, berry composition, and flavonoid profile. Three experiments were conducted in Oakville, CA, USA. First experiment assessed changes in the grape flavonoid content driven by four degrees of exposure. In the second experiment, individual grape berries subjected to different exposures were collected from two cultivars (Cabernet Sauvignon and Petit Verdot). The third experiment consisted of an experiment with three canopy management treatments (i) LR (removal of 5 to 6 basal leaves), (ii) ST (thinned to 24 shoots per vine), and (iii) LRST (a combination of LR and ST) and an untreated control (UNT). Berry composition, flavonoid content and profiles, and 3-isobutyl 2-methoxypyrazine were monitored during berry ripening. Although increasing canopy porosity through canopy management practices can be helpful for other purposes, this may not be the case of flavonoid compounds when a certain proportion of kaempferol was achieved. Our results revealed different sensitivities to degradation within the flavonoid groups, flavonols being the only monitored group that was upregulated by solar radiation. Within different canopy management practices, the main effects were due to the ST. Under environmental conditions given in this trial, ST and LRST hastened fruit maturity; however, a clear improvement of the flavonoid compounds (i.e., greater anthocyanin) was not observed at harvest. Methoxypyrazine berry content decreased with canopy management practices studied. Although some berry traits were improved (i.e. 2.5°Brix increase in berry total soluble solids) due to canopy management practices (ST), this resulted in a four-fold increase in labor operations cost, twofold decrease in yield with a 10-fold increase in anthocyanin production cost per hectare that should be assessed together.

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“…Mild water deficits may enhance grape ripening, through the re-concentration of the berry contents or improved grape composition through the synthesis of stress-related metabolites ( Chaves et al, 2010 ; Kuhn et al, 2014 ). However, excessive water deficits in hot climates may lead to deleterious effect on fruit quality ( Brillante et al, 2017 ; Martínez-Lüscher et al, 2017a ; Yu and Kurtural, 2020 ; Yu et al, 2020 ). High temperatures may exacerbate water deficits by increasing vapor pressure deficit, thus increasing evapotranspiration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Failure to replace enough crop evapotranspiration demand under heat waves may lead to substantial reductions in yields and ultimately crop failure ( Terry and Kurtural, 2011 ; Daryanto et al, 2016 ). In grapevine, in-season yield loss may be mediated through reductions in berry size, at first, and a severe shriveling and bunch stem necrosis if high water deficits persist ( Krasnow et al, 2010 ; Hall et al, 2011 ; Cook et al, 2015 ; Yu and Kurtural, 2020 ). Furthermore, in hot climates, post-veraison water deficits led to a diminution of anthocyanin content ( Martínez-Lüscher et al, 2017a ), modulation of anthocyanin profile toward di-hydroxylated anthocyanidins ( Yu et al, 2016 ) with rapid degradation of proanthocyanins of grape berry and wine ( Yu et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating Heat Wave and Exposure Damage to “Cabernet Sauvignon” Wine Grape With Partial Shading Under Two Irrigation Amounts

et al. 2020

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Proximal Sensing of Soil Electrical Conductivity Provides a Link to Soil-Plant Water Relationships and Supports the Identification of Plant Water Status Zones in Vineyards

Cited by 26 publications

References 75 publications

Spatial Variability of Soil and Plant Water Status and Their Cascading Effects on Grapevine Physiology Are Linked to Berry and Wine Chemistry

Spatial Variability of Soil and Plant Water Status and Their Cascading Effects on Grapevine Physiology Are Linked to Berry and Wine Chemistry

Optimal Ranges and Thresholds of Grape Berry Solar Radiation for Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Warm Climates

Mitigating Heat Wave and Exposure Damage to “Cabernet Sauvignon” Wine Grape With Partial Shading Under Two Irrigation Amounts

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