Proximal fate marker <i>homothorax</i> marks the lateral extension of stalk‐eyed fly <i>Cyrtodopsis whitei</i>

Singh, Amit; Gogia, Neha; Chang, Chia‐Yu; Sun, Yi

doi:10.1002/dvg.23309

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(98 reference statements)

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“…5 T and U ). Furthermore, we found that similar to Homothorax (Hth) ( 35 ), dve expression is observed in the extended stalk of the stalk-eyed fly where the eyes are placed on laterally extended stalks. This study only showed that dve expression and sequence are highly conserved in stalk-eyed flies ( 36 ).…”

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confidence: 55%

Genetic mechanism regulating diversity in the placement of eyes on the head of animals

Puli,

Gogia,

Chimata

et al. 2024

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Despite the conservation of genetic machinery involved in eye development, there is a strong diversity in the placement of eyes on the head of animals. Morphogen gradients of signaling molecules are vital to patterning cues. During Drosophila eye development, Wingless (Wg), a ligand of Wnt/Wg signaling, is expressed anterolaterally to form a morphogen gradient to determine the eye- versus head-specific cell fate. The underlying mechanisms that regulate this process are yet to be fully understood. We characterized defective proventriculus (dve) ( Drosophila ortholog of human SATB1), a K50 homeodomain transcription factor, as a dorsal eye gene, which regulates Wg signaling to determine eye versus head fate. Across Drosophila species, Dve is expressed in the dorsal head vertex region where it regulates wg transcription. Second, Dve suppresses eye fate by down-regulating retinal determination genes. Third, the dve -expressing dorsal head vertex region is important for Wg-mediated inhibition of retinal cell fate, as eliminating the Dve-expressing cells or preventing Wg transport from these dve -expressing cells leads to a dramatic expansion of the eye field. Together, these findings suggest that Dve regulates Wg expression in the dorsal head vertex, which is critical for determining eye versus head fate. Gain-of-function of SATB1 exhibits an eye fate suppression phenotype similar to Dve. Our data demonstrate a conserved role for Dve/SATB1 in the positioning of eyes on the head and the interocular distance by regulating Wg. This study provides evidence that dysregulation of the Wg morphogen gradient results in developmental defects such as hypertelorism in humans where disproportionate interocular distance and facial anomalies are reported.

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confidence: 55%

Genetic mechanism regulating diversity in the placement of eyes on the head of animals

Puli,

Gogia,

Chimata

et al. 2024

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The reduced eye phenotype of cul‐4 mutant clones was also accompanied with changes in the placement of eyes on the head (Figure 1). Interestingly, we have reported earlier that placement of eyes on the head of the fly can be due to extension of proximo‐distal axis as seen in the stalk eyed fly (Singh et al, 2019). Furthermore, this extension is due to enhanced Hth expression, which marks the proximal fate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Meis class protein Hth is also required for maintaining the progenitor population in the anterior region of the eye discs. Hth is expressed in the region, anterior to MF in the undifferentiated proliferating cells (Pai et al, 1998; Singh, Gogia, Chang, & Sun, 2019; Singh et al, 2002; Singh et al, 2011). We found aberrantly high levels of Hth in the cul‐4 mutant eye discs in the posterior as well as anterior region, along with loss of photoreceptors as indicated by loss of Elav positive cells (Figure 5c,c', d,d').…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An E3 ubiquitin ligase, cullin‐4 regulates retinal differentiation in Drosophila eye

Tare

Chimata

Gogia

et al. 2020

Genesis

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During organogenesis, cell proliferation is followed by the differentiation of specific cell types to form an organ. Any aberration in differentiation can result in developmental defects, which can result in a partial to a near-complete loss of an organ. We employ the Drosophila eye model to understand the genetic and molecular mechanisms involved in the process of differentiation. In a forward genetic screen, we identified, cullin-4 (cul-4), which encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase, to play an important role in retinal differentiation. During development, cul-4 is known to be involved in protein degradation, regulation of genomic stability, and regulation of cell cycle. Previously, we have reported that cul-4 regulates cell death during eye development by downregulating Wingless (Wg)/Wnt signaling pathway. We found that loss-offunction of cul-4 results in a reduced eye phenotype, which can be due to onset of cell death. However, we found that loss-of-function of cul-4 also affects retinal development by downregulating retinal determination (RD) gene expression. Early markers of retinal differentiation are dysregulated in cul-4 loss of function conditions, indicating that cul-4 is necessary for differentiation. Furthermore, loss-of-function of cul-4 ectopically induces expression of negative regulators of eye development like Wg and Homothorax (Hth). During eye development, Wg is known to block the progression of a synchronous wave of differentiation referred to as Morphogenetic furrow (MF). In cul-4 loss-of-function background, expression of dpp-lacZ, a MF marker, is significantly downregulated. Our data suggest a new role of cul-4 in retinal differentiation. These studies may have significant bearings on our understanding of early eye development.

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“…The legs and wings were removed in order to get a clear view of the compound eye. The bright field pictures of adult heads were taken using a Zeiss Apotome Imager Z1 ( Sarkar et al., 2018 ; Singh et al., 2019 ; Wittkorn et al., 2015 ). Eye size was measured using ImageJ software tools ( http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/ ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Newt regeneration genes regulate Wingless signaling to restore patterning in Drosophila eye

et al. 2021

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Summary Newts utilize their unique genes to restore missing parts by strategic regulation of conserved signaling pathways. Lack of genetic tools poses challenges to determine the function of such genes. Therefore, we used the Drosophila eye model to demonstrate the potential of 5 unique newt ( Notophthalmus viridescens ) gene(s), viropana1-viropana5 ( vna1-vna5 ), which were ectopically expressed in L 2 mutant and GMR- hid , GMR-GAL4 eye. L 2 exhibits the loss of ventral half of early eye and head involution defective ( hid ) triggers cell-death during later eye development. Surprisingly, newt genes significantly restore missing photoreceptor cells both in L 2 and GMR> hid background by upregulating cell-proliferation and blocking cell-death, regulating evolutionarily conserved Wingless (Wg)/Wnt signaling pathway and exhibit non-cell-autonomous rescues. Further, Wg/Wnt signaling acts downstream of newt genes. Our data highlights that unique newt proteins can regulate conserved pathways to trigger a robust restoration of missing photoreceptor cells in Drosophila eye model with weak restoration capability.

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Proximal fate marker homothorax marks the lateral extension of stalk‐eyed fly Cyrtodopsis whitei

Cited by 11 publications

References 71 publications

Genetic mechanism regulating diversity in the placement of eyes on the head of animals

Genetic mechanism regulating diversity in the placement of eyes on the head of animals

An E3 ubiquitin ligase, cullin‐4 regulates retinal differentiation in Drosophila eye

Newt regeneration genes regulate Wingless signaling to restore patterning in Drosophila eye

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