Proxies to monitor the inactivation of viruses by ozone in surface water and wastewater effluent

Wolf, Camille; Pavese, Annalisa; Gunten, Urs von; Kohn, Tamar

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2019.115088

Cited by 31 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…The properties of different wastewater may vary greatly, and basically the CT value required to inactivate the microorganism in secondary effluent is over 20 times larger than that in pure water. In recent years, some studies used the abatement in OD 254 as a surrogate to monitor the disinfection process [ 50 ]. Ozone can break the C C bonds and aromatic rings, which contribute to the absorbance at 254 nm.…”

Section: The Virus Removal By Ozonationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The virus removal in UV irradiation, ozonation and chlorination

Kong

Ren

et al. 2021

Water Cycle

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The COVID-19 pandemic draws much attention to virus inactivation since the SARS-CoV-2 was detected in miscellaneous environments and the wastewater can be a potential transmitting pathway. UV irradiation, ozonation and chlorination are widely used disinfection processes in water treatment. In this review, the mechanisms and applications of three disinfection processes are introduced, and their inactivation effects on virus as well as other microorganisms are compared and discussed. The resistance of viruses to UV irradiation is generally stronger than that of bacteria. 4-log inactivation of bacteria can be easily obtained within a UV dose of 10 mJ/cm 2 . However, the doses to reach the same virus removal rate vary greatly from 10 to 140 mJ/cm 2 . The coronaviruses have even stronger UV resistance. Comparatively, ozonation and chlorination are effective methods to inactivate viruses, and the CT values of 4-log removal for most viruses concerned are lower than 1 mg·min/L and 10 mg·min/L, respectively. Protozoa, fungal spores and bacterial spores are more resistant to disinfection. Temperature, pH, organic matters, turbidity and other parameters all have influences on the disinfection. With a 10 °C decrease in temperature, the CT value required for certain removal rates doubles. Generally low pH promotes disinfection and high pH is against it. In drinking water and wastewater treatment process, the resistance properties of microorganisms and other influence parameters should be taken into consideration when choosing disinfection technologies.

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Section: The Virus Removal By Ozonationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The virus removal in UV irradiation, ozonation and chlorination

Kong

Ren

et al. 2021

Water Cycle

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“…Ozone can be conveyed as a gas or a gel to sanitize the environment. It has been extensively studied and used for many years and its effectiveness has been demonstrated against viruses, bacteria and fungi [ 28 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ], even if no tests have been conducted on SARS-CoV-2 yet.…”

Section: Inactivation With Biocidal Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The viral burden both in plasma and in the respiratory tract during infection was found correlating with the severity of infection. [ 34 ]. This interpretation has been discussed by Joynt and Wu, who have highlighted that the impossibility to differentiate between infective and noninfective (dead or antibody-neutralized) viruses remains a major limitation in establishing a correlation between the viral RNA burden and the severity of the infection [ 37 ].…”

Section: Inactivation With Biocidal Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper-Alloy Surfaces and Cleaning Regimens against the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Dentistry and Orthopedics. From Fomites to Anti-Infective Nanocoatings

et al. 2020

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The latest diffusion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has involved the whole world population. Even if huge efforts to control the pandemic have been done, the viral spread is still continuing. COVID-19 is reported as a zoonosis jumped from bats and pangolins to humans. After infection in humans, SARS-CoV-2 is found in the nasopharyngeal and salivary secretions. The virus has also been detected in the blood plasma of infected patients. The viral spread occurs through droplets exhaled from the nose and mouth of the infected people when they breath or talk, or through droplets propelled as a dense cloud by chough or sneeze. The virus can also be delivered as an aerosol from blood plasma, through surgical procedures. Following these ways, the virus can disperse in the air, then reaching and settling on the exposed surfaces. How long the virus will survive on a surface depends on the material the surface is made from. Infection via high-touch surfaces should be prevented. Copper alloy coatings, combined with efficient hygienic/disinfectant procedures and careful surgical practice, could be helpful to health protection in dental practice and can also be adopted in orthopedic traumatology.

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“…Ozone gas has various advantages as a practical antiviral agent. It can effectively penetrate any part of the room, including places that make it difficult to access common liquids and manual cleaning methods (Wolf et al 2019). Viruses have a limited "shelf life" on surfaces.…”

Section: Virus Inactivation By Ozonementioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Ozone Gas on Airborne Virus Inactivation in Enclosed Spaces: A Review Study

Alimohammadi

Naderi

2020

Ozone: Science & Engineering

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Due to the recent outbreak of COVID-19, the problem of protecting the individual against airborne transmission has become of great importance. This transmission occurs when virus-containing droplets enter the respiratory tract. Accordingly, the inactivation of airborne viruses plays significant role in mitigating the threat posed by a human-to-human infectious disease. The use of gasbased treatments such as ozone to decontaminate indoor air containing viruses has been increased. Ozone is a strong oxidizing agent that can be used to inactivate broad-range viruses that might be resistant to other disinfectants. The purpose of the study is to bring attention to the ozonizing of indoor air as a novel treatment for the inactivation of viruses. This review study showed that enveloped viruses (e.g., SARS-CoV-2) are more sensitive to oxidizing agents such as ozone than to non-enveloped viruses. Furthermore, some viruses such as coronaviruses have cysteine containing a sulfhydryl group that reacts with ozone gas. The study indicated that more free radicals will be formed when air humidity is higher, which could lead to higher virus inactivation. Air disinfection by ozone gas can be a promising approach for the viral deactivation of contaminated spaces in hospitals, health-care centers, dental offices, sport clubs, hotels and transportation sector, as well as all other places where viral disease outbreaks occur.

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Proxies to monitor the inactivation of viruses by ozone in surface water and wastewater effluent

Cited by 31 publications

References 40 publications

The virus removal in UV irradiation, ozonation and chlorination

The virus removal in UV irradiation, ozonation and chlorination

Copper-Alloy Surfaces and Cleaning Regimens against the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Dentistry and Orthopedics. From Fomites to Anti-Infective Nanocoatings

Effectiveness of Ozone Gas on Airborne Virus Inactivation in Enclosed Spaces: A Review Study

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