Provision of smoking cessation services in Australian community pharmacies: a simulated patient study

Saba, Maya; Diep, J.; Bittoun, Renee; Saini, Bandana

doi:10.1007/s11096-014-9944-7

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…We observed that the attitude towards pharmacist-led smoking cessation services was generally positive as the majority (68.5%) were willing to provide these services in their pharmaceutical practice even though their knowledge of specific tobacco cessation strategies and medication appeared to be somewhat limited, as suggested by the quantitative survey and supported by the FGD findings. This is consistent with findings reported among pharmacists in Cracow, Sudan, Australia and Indonesia, which also showed that community pharmacists were willing to provide smoking cessation services even though some of them had limited knowledge 15,16,18,26 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Pharmacist-led smoking cessation: The attitudes and practices of community pharmacists in Lagos state, Nigeria: A mixed methods survey

Odukoya¹,

Poluyi²,

Aina³

et al. 2016

Tob. Prev. Cessation

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IntroductIon Community pharmacists are well-positioned to support smoking cessation particularly in low and middle income countries. This study aims to assess the attitudes, barriers and pattern of pharmacist-led smoking cessation services and explore the factors associated with the willingness to offer smoking cessation services. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out using qualitative and quantitative methods. Two hundred and forty two community pharmaceutical premises were randomly selected and interviewed. In addition, one Focus Group Discussion was carried out among nine members of the state branch of the Association of Community Pharmacists of Nigeria in Lagos State. results Approximately 92% encountered smokers in the course of their work however only 49.6% had ever inquired about their smoking status and 49.1% of these, had offered some form of cessation support. Only 44% had NRT's available within their pharmaceutical premises. The majority (68.5%) were willing to offer smoking cessation services in their premises however only 44.6% had ever received any prior training on tobacco cessation. Those who believed that pharmacists had the required training to offer smoking cessation services were more willing to provide these services. Qualitative findings also revealed that the majority felt they had a unique role to play in providing tobacco cessation services. conclusIons Community pharmacists were willing to provide smoking cessation services within their practice, however they may require specific training to do so effectively. In developing guidelines for community based smoking cessation, it is recommended that pharmacists be engaged and trained for the provision of smoking cessation services within the community. oluwakemi ololade odukoya 1 , edward oluwatobi Poluyi 1 , bolajoko Aina 2 , chioma ejekam 1 , babalola Faseru 3

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Pharmacist-led smoking cessation: The attitudes and practices of community pharmacists in Lagos state, Nigeria: A mixed methods survey

Odukoya¹,

Poluyi²,

Aina³

et al. 2016

Tob. Prev. Cessation

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“…In contrast to a Saudi Arabian study [ 64 ], the time proved to be a significant influencing factor on the appropriate outcome even though the type of outcome between the two studies is not comparable (UPA dispensed vs. antibiotics dispensed without a prescription). This creates a need for further research about the possible reasons, especially as the best counselling was provided not in the morning as expected on the basis of the model of the performance curve [ 82 ] but instead from midday to the late afternoon.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

The Quality of Counselling for Oral Emergency Contraceptive Pills—A Simulated Patient Study in German Community Pharmacies

Langer

Grimm

Lungfiel

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Background: In Germany, there are two different active substances, levonorgestrel (LNG) and ulipristal acetate (UPA), available as emergency contraception (the “morning after pill”) with UPA still effective even 72 to 120 h after unprotected sexual intercourse, unlike LNG. Emergency contraceptive pills have been available without a medical prescription since March 2015 but are still only dispensed by community pharmacies. The aim of this study was to determine the counselling and dispensing behaviour of pharmacy staff and the factors that may influence this behaviour in a scenario that intends that only the emergency contraceptive pill containing the active substance UPA is dispensed (appropriate outcome). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the form of a covert simulated patient study in a random sample of community pharmacies stratified by location in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and reported in accordance with the STROBE statement. Each pharmacy was visited once at random by one of four trained test buyers. They simulated a product-based request for an emergency contraceptive pill, stating contraceptive failure 3.5 days prior as the reason. The test scenario and the evaluation forms are based on the recommended actions, including the checklist from the Federal Chamber of Pharmacies. Results: All 199 planned pharmacy visits were carried out. The appropriate outcome (dispensing of UPA) was achieved in 78.9% of the test purchases (157/199). A significant correlation was identified between the use of the counselling room and the use of a checklist (p < 0.001). The use of a checklist led to a significantly higher questioning score (p < 0.001). In a multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, a higher questioning score (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.22–1.63; p < 0.001) and a time between 12:01 and 4:00 p.m. (AOR = 2.54; 95% CI = 1.13–5.73; p = 0.024) compared to 8:00 to 12:00 a.m. were significantly associated with achieving the appropriate outcome. Conclusions: In a little over one-fifth of all test purchases, the required dispensing of UPA did not occur. The use of a counselling room and a checklist, the use of a checklist and the questioning score as well as the questioning score and achieving the appropriate outcome are all significantly correlated. A target regulation for the use of a counselling room, an explicit guideline recommendation about the use of a checklist, an obligation for keeping UPA in stock and appropriate mandatory continuing education programmes should be considered.

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“…Out of the 1107 papers in the original search and two added due to quoting the 2006 review, 148 papers met the criteria . Extraction of relevant papers from those found by the search strategy was done jointly by two researchers (IB and PN) and independently by a third researcher (AA).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of the use of simulated patient methodology in pharmacy practice research from 2006 to 2016

Björnsdóttir

Granås

Bradley

et al. 2019

International Journal of Pharmacy Practice

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Objectives Simulated patient (SP) methodology (mystery shopping) is used increasingly to assess quality of pharmacy services, and evaluate impact of interventions. Our objective was to review papers reporting on the use of SP methodology in pharmacy practice research 2006-2016 in community pharmacies worldwide. Methods We searched EMBASE and MEDLINE for papers reporting on the use of mystery shopping in pharmacy settings, using a wide range of terms for SPs, based on previous review. We removed irrelevant papers, duplicates, papers not written in English, and review papers and reviewed remaining papers. Two reviewers carried out data abstraction, using the same tool as the previous review and inserting data into Excel, focusing on how the SP methodology is used. Key findings A total of 148 papers from 52 countries from all regions of the world were included in the review. A wide range of terms described the method, and simulated patient was the most common (49 papers). Most studies were cross-sectional (124), and most investigated only community pharmacies (115). The most common aim was to evaluate some aspect of pharmacists' or other staff's advice and counselling (94). Number of visits is 2-7785. Many papers did not cover details, such as number of visits planned, and carried out, scenario used, training and background of SPs, and ethical approval for the study. Conclusions The use of SP methodology has increased substantially in the field of pharmacy over the past decade. This is a useful method in a wide range of countries and settings. Greater detail is required in reporting.

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Provision of smoking cessation services in Australian community pharmacies: a simulated patient study

Abstract: Whilst pharmacists' counselling about smoking cessation aids seems satisfactory, further education is required to improve practice standards in terms of matching a patient's history and smoking status to an appropriate product.

Cited by 28 publications

References 33 publications

Pharmacist-led smoking cessation: The attitudes and practices of community pharmacists in Lagos state, Nigeria: A mixed methods survey

Pharmacist-led smoking cessation: The attitudes and practices of community pharmacists in Lagos state, Nigeria: A mixed methods survey

The Quality of Counselling for Oral Emergency Contraceptive Pills—A Simulated Patient Study in German Community Pharmacies

A systematic review of the use of simulated patient methodology in pharmacy practice research from 2006 to 2016

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