Proviral sequences detected by polymerase chain reaction in peripheral blood cells of horses with equine infectious anemia lentivirus

O’Rourke, Katherine I.; Besola, M. L.; McGuire, Travis C.

doi:10.1007/bf01310496

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Most of this DNA is not integrated into host genomic DNA, but exists in linear and circular unintegrated forms (Rice et al, 1989). Provirus is also detectable in peripheral blood cells of acutely infected horses (Rice et al, 1989;O'Rourke et al, 1991).…”

Section: In Vivo Cell Tropismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The immunopathogenesis of equine infectious anemia virus

1994

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Section: In Vivo Cell Tropismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The immunopathogenesis of equine infectious anemia virus

1994

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“…As the database on EIAV genes and antigens increases, 1,2,4,5,11,36,42 novel approaches to the delivery of accurate and practical diagnostic tests for EIA will emerge. If changes were to be made today, test kits should include determinants from several EIAV proteins and utilize a format that uses environmentally stable reagents and detection systems.…”

Section: Recommendations P26 Antibodies Are Detected In Confirmatory mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Techniques for the Serologic Diagnosis of Equine Infectious Anemia

Issel

Cook

1993

J VET Diagn Invest

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History and introduction This paper will review the current serologic tests to Equine infectious anemia (EIA) has been recognized diagnose infections with EIAV, discuss limitations of as an important viral disease of members of the horse the procedures, and suggest improvements based on family since its "filterable virus" etiology was proven early in the twentieth century. 49 Only since the 1970s EIAV and the horse have we been able to diagnose infection with equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) accurately with the use The EIAV is a member of the lentivirus subfamily of serodiagnostic methods. 6,7 Early attempts to define of retroviruses and shares morphologic, antigenic, and specific diagnostic tools for EIA failed in part because genetic characters with the other lentiviruses. 17 The of a lack of suitable in vivo laboratory animal models major core protein of EIAV is a product of the viral and in vitro techniques for virus propagation, as well gag gene, 45 has a molecular weight of 26,000 daltons

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“…The primary sites of EIAV replication in persistently infected horses has been examined by immunofluorescent techniques to detect viral antigens (23), by Southern blot analyses to detect proviral DNA (35), and more recently by qualitative PCR techniques to detect viral DNA or RNA (14,27,42). The results of these studies uniformly demonstrate that the high levels of viremia observed during acute EIA are associated with high levels of virus replication in macrophage-rich tissues, including liver, spleen, and kidney; peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and other tissues appeared to contain only minor levels of virus infection, despite the high levels of virus in the blood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue Sites of Persistent Infection and Active Replication of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus during Acute Disease and Asymptomatic Infection in Experimentally Infected Equids

Harrold

Cook

et al. 2000

J Virol

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Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) infection of horses is characterized by recurring cycles of disease and viremia that typically progress to an inapparent infection in which clinicalEquine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) is unique among lentiviruses in that the clinical course of infection in equids results initially in a rapid and dynamic series of clearly demarcated cycles of disease and associated viremia that begin by 3 weeks postinfection and continue at irregular intervals separated by weeks or months (reviewed in reference 25). Disease cycles last 3 to 5 days and are characterized by fever, diarrhea, lethargy, edema, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. This stage of disease, defined as chronic equine infectious anemia (EIA), typically lasts about 8 to 12 months postinfection, with the frequency and severity of clinical episodes decreasing with time. In contrast to the progressive degenerative disease associated with most lentiviral infections, horses infected with EIAV typically make a transition during the first year postinfection from chronic EIA to an inapparent infection in which clinical symptoms are absent and viremia is usually undetectable for the remainder of the animal's life span of up to about 20 years. Thus, the EIAV systems provides a novel model in which to examine the dynamics of lentivirus replication during clearly defined cycles of disease and during long-term asymptomatic infections.Several lines of evidence indicate that the control of EIAV replication and disease in long-term inapparent carriers is mediated by virus-specific host immune responses that evolve during the first year postinfection to achieve an enduring effective suppression of virus replication. For example, experimental infection of foals with severe combined immunodeficiency results in a progressive infection leading to death, demonstrating the necessity of the host immune system in accomplishing the temporal control of virus replication associated with infection of immunocompetent horses (29). In addition, it has been shown that severe stress or treatment of long-term inapparent carriers with immunosuppressive drugs can cause recrudescence of viremia and disease, even after decades of clinical quiescence (16,48). Finally, it has been demonstrated that transfer of whole blood from long-term inapparent carriers to naive horses results in EIAV infection and disease in the recipient horses (12). Taken together, these observations demonstrate the lack of attenuation of the infect-* Corresponding author. Mailing address:

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Proviral sequences detected by polymerase chain reaction in peripheral blood cells of horses with equine infectious anemia lentivirus

Cited by 17 publications

References 40 publications

The immunopathogenesis of equine infectious anemia virus

The immunopathogenesis of equine infectious anemia virus

A Review of Techniques for the Serologic Diagnosis of Equine Infectious Anemia

Tissue Sites of Persistent Infection and Active Replication of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus during Acute Disease and Asymptomatic Infection in Experimentally Infected Equids

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