“…Policymakers, they say, have learned that effort to spur competition need to be tempered because the Northland and CCB failures “confirmed that change is dangerous, just what many had thought in the first place” (Darroch & McMillan 2007, p. 160). Darroch and McMillan make only passing reference to credit unions, ignoring that credit unions sought and obtained the Northland Bank charter in order to expand into commercial lending and work around the bank‐controlled payments system or that the federal policymakers eagerly supported this effort as part of a broader strategy to address growing demands for new banks more responsive to western Canada (Benson, 1977; Canada, 1986).…”