Providing Incentives to Youth Participants in Research: A Literature Review

Afkinich, Jenny; Blachman-Demner, Dara

doi:10.1177/1556264619892707

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(144 reference statements)

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“…Related to the limitation of the use of a college-student sample is the use of course credit to incentivize participation in the study. While this is a common practice within psychological research, some researchers have raised the concern that the provision of incentives to adolescents in research might limit the generalizability of findings of research that uses this technique (Afkinich & Blachman-Demner, 2020). Specifically, some have expressed concern that the provision of incentives, especially to this age group, may lead participants to respond in a fashion that is consistent with their beliefs about the expectations of the researchers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Mistrust in Sexual Revictimization: An Analysis of Serial Indirect Effects

Lutz-Zois

Selvey

Anderson

et al. 2022

Violence Against Women

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A sample of 819 female college students completed measures of childhood sexual abuse (CSA), adult sexual victimization (ASV), mistrust, trauma-related symptoms, and drinking problems. Using a serial indirect effects model, we hypothesized that CSA would be associated with ASV through the indirect effects of mistrust → trauma-related symptoms → drinking problems. The results indicated that this serial indirect effects model was significant. When the order of the first two indirect effects was reversed, the model was not significant. These results highlight the importance of examining potential factors involved in sexual revictimization in tandem rather than in isolation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Mistrust in Sexual Revictimization: An Analysis of Serial Indirect Effects

Lutz-Zois

Selvey

Anderson

et al. 2022

Violence Against Women

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“…To avoid coercion that would affect app engagement and because all metrics used in this study were embedded in the intervention rather than requiring separate time to be spent on completion, adolescents were not given any compensation for using BeMe. Prior research with adolescents and parents has questioned whether the use of incentives for adolescents might lead to invalid results through misrepresentation [ 38 - 40 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acceptability and Utility of a Smartphone App to Support Adolescent Mental Health (BeMe): Program Evaluation Study

Prochaska,

Wang,

Bowdring

et al. 2023

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth

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Background Adolescents face unprecedented mental health challenges, and technology has the opportunity to facilitate access and support digitally connected generations. The combination of digital tools and live human connection may hold particular promise for resonating with and flexibly supporting young people’s mental health. Objective This study aimed to describe the BeMe app-based platform to support adolescents’ mental health and well-being and to examine app engagement, usability, and satisfaction. Methods Adolescents in the United States, aged 13 to 20 years, were recruited via the web and enrolled between September 1 and October 31, 2022. App engagement, feature use, clinical functioning, and satisfaction with BeMe were examined for 30 days. BeMe provides content based on cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, motivational interviewing, and positive psychology; interactive activities; live text-based coaching; links to clinical services; and crisis support tools (digital and live). Results The average age of the sample (N=13,421) was 15.04 (SD 1.7) years, and 56.72% (7612/13,421) identified with she/her pronouns. For the subsample that completed the in-app assessments, the mean scores indicated concern for depression (8-item Patient Health Questionnaire mean 15.68/20, SD 5.9; n=239), anxiety (7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire mean 13.37/17, SD 5.0; n=791), and poor well-being (World Health Organization–Five Well-being Index mean 30.15/100, SD 16.1; n=1923). Overall, the adolescents engaged with BeMe for an average of 2.38 (SD 2.7) days in 7.94 (SD 24.1) sessions and completed 11.26 (SD 19.8) activities. Most adolescents engaged with BeMe’s content (12,270/13,421, 91.42%), mood ratings (13,094/13,421, 97.56%), and interactive skills (10,098/13,421, 75.24%), and almost one-fifth of the adolescents engaged with coaching (2539/13,421, 18.92%), clinical resources (2411/13,421, 17.96%), and crisis support resources (2499/13,421, 18.62%). Overall app engagement (total activities) was highest among female and gender-neutral adolescents compared with male adolescents (all P<.001) and was highest among younger adolescents (aged 13-14 years) compared with all other ages (all P<.001). Satisfaction ratings were generally high for content (eg, 158/176, 89.8% rated as helpful and 1044/1139, 91.66% improved coping self-efficacy), activities (5362/8468, 63.32% helpful and 4408/6072, 72.6% useful in coping with big feelings), and coaching (747/894, 83.6% helpful and 747/894, 83.6% improved coping self-efficacy). Engagement (total activities completed) predicted the likelihood of app satisfaction (P<.001). Conclusions Many adolescents downloaded the BeMe app and completed multiple sessions and activities. Engagement with BeMe was higher among female and younger adolescents. Ratings of BeMe’s content, activities, and coaching were very positive for cognitive precursors aimed at reducing depression and anxiety and improving well-being. The findings will inform future app development to promote more sustained engagement, and future evaluations will assess the effects of BeMe on changes in mental health outcomes.

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“…The participant information statement detailed that participants would receive an AUD $30 (USD $19.90) gift voucher at the completion of all baseline assessments as a reimbursement for their time. A recent review has suggested that financial incentives can be provided to children appropriately and few studies suggest incentives are inherently harmful [25]. Recruitment methods are detailed below.…”

Section: Recruitmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recruitment of adolescents to virtual clinical trials: experiences from the Health4Me clinical trial (Preprint)

Raeside,

Todd,

Barakat

et al. 2024

Preprint

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BACKGROUND Preventive interventions are needed to provide targeted health support to adolescents to improve health behaviors. Engaging adolescents in preventive interventions remains a challenge, highlighting the need for innovative recruitment strategies. Given adolescents’ lives are intertwined with digital technologies, attention should be focused on these avenues for recruitment. The evolving nature of clinical trials, including the emergence of virtual clinical trials, require new recruitment approaches, which must be evaluated. OBJECTIVE To examine the effectiveness and cost of various digital recruitment strategies for recruiting adolescents to a virtual clinical trial, and to evaluate the progression of participants from screening to enrolment and explore factors associated with non-participation. We do this using the example of the Health4Me Study, a preventive digital health intervention to improve physical activity and nutrition behaviors among adolescents 12-18 years old. METHODS Participants were recruited into the Health4Me Study via social media advertisements on various contemporary platforms, emails to schools, emails to contacts within known networks and emails to relevant youth organizations. Data was collected from social media advertisements, screening, and recruitment logs. Data analysis included summary and descriptive statistics, as well as Chi-Squared tests to explore factors associated with non-participation. RESULTS From 2369 expressions of interest, 390 (16.4%) participants were enrolled. A total of 19 advertisements were placed on social media, and 385 promotional emails were sent to schools, contacts within known networks, and relevant youth organizations. Social media advertisements reached 408,077 unique accounts. Advertisements mostly reached those living in populous states in Australia (75% of unique accounts [306,489/408,077]) and those identifying as female (43.5% of unique accounts [177,698/408,077]). 25% of advertisements were delivered to accounts with uncategorised genders (101,907/408,077). Total cost per participant enrolled was AUD $3.89 (USD $2.58). Most participants (85.9%, 1980/2305) found out about the study through Instagram. Differences in screening characteristics between eligible participants who did and did not enrol were found to be statistically significant for gender (P=.02) with fewer males and more individuals reporting their gender as 'Other' enrolling than expected than by chance alone. Recruitment method also differed (P<.001), with fewer participants enrolling through Instagram and more enrolling through other methods (e.g. known networks, word of mouth) than expected by chance alone. CONCLUSIONS In this study we show that virtual clinical trial recruitment was found to be low-cost with the potential to increase trial participation. Social media was the most effective recruitment method, reaching all states and territories, including hard-to-reach populations. Future action is needed to explore recruitment methods which are more effective for males and to build trust among adolescents regarding clinical trial recruitment via social media.

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Providing Incentives to Youth Participants in Research: A Literature Review

Cited by 11 publications

References 36 publications

The Role of Mistrust in Sexual Revictimization: An Analysis of Serial Indirect Effects

The Role of Mistrust in Sexual Revictimization: An Analysis of Serial Indirect Effects

Acceptability and Utility of a Smartphone App to Support Adolescent Mental Health (BeMe): Program Evaluation Study

Recruitment of adolescents to virtual clinical trials: experiences from the Health4Me clinical trial (Preprint)

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