Providing a Regional Context for Local Conservation Action

Reid, Thomas; Murphy, Dennis D.

doi:10.2307/1312450

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…We quantify this restoration potential based on the responsiveness of the targeted life stage, the potential to yield an overall survival increase, and the degree of increase needed to achieve population recovery and viability at the level of the evolutionarily significant unit (ESU) listed in the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (see footnote 4) (NRC 1995, Lake 2001, Mangel et al 2006). These steps are essential for prioritizing conservation plans, before investments are made in costly and perhaps risky actions; this a priori evaluation and prioritization process is especially important for animals that demonstrate complex life cycles and long migrations over heterogonous habitat (Doak 1995, Reid and Murphy 1995, Palmer et al 2005. And even though the outcome of a management action can rarely be predicted with great accuracy, uncertainty parallels risk, such that the likelihood of success can usually be bracketed through some type of life-cycle modeling (Caswell 2000, Morris andDoak 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As we show here for salmon, even if restoration efforts are large scale (i.e., restoration of many tributary streams) and feasible, if the animal of concern is far ranging with a complex life cycle, factors in other life stages (e.g., passage through mainstem dams) may provide a survival bottleneck and limit the overall effectiveness of the restoration actions (Budy et al 2002, Wilson 2003, Wissmar and Bisson 2003, Schreck et al 2006. For large ESUs containing multiple populations, like the Snake River Chinook salmon ESU, comparison of characteristics of groups of populations that do, and do not, meet viability criteria under a specific manage-ment action can aid in determining the overall risk of a recovery strategy (NRC 1995, Reid andMurphy 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For these types of animals, extinction risk is minimized when populations are distributed across space with adequate connectivity; however, conservation planning must then be undertaken at a very large spatial scale for these types of organisms (Noss et al 1996, Maki-Petays et al 1997, Lichatowich 1999. Given these spatial or meta-population considerations, recovery plans generally attempt to avoid insular distribution, require higher population recovery goals for isolated populations, and emphasize the importance of preserving the linkage between populations for highly mobile animals requiring large habitat patches like grizzly bear (Shaffer 1992), gnatcatchers (Reid andMurphy 1995, Bowler 2000), and many other comparable species (NRC 1996, Norris 2004. Similarly, the recovery criteria for the Snake River salmon ESU goes beyond the population level and specifically includes demonstrated low risk across all extant MPGs (ICBTRT 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Implicit in the focus on habitat restoration for imperiled species is that critical or essential habitat can be identified and improved through habitat restoration, and, if restored, will be sufficient to increase survival overall and lead to increased population viability (NRC 1995(NRC , 1996. However, for animals that demonstrate long migrations and require heterogeneous habitat across their complex life cycles, the identification of critical habitat (or limiting factors) alone can be extremely challenging, and our attempts to link habitat quality or change to population viability are often tenuous (Reid and Murphy 1995, Rabeni and Sowa 1996, Mangel et al 2006). In addition, many habitat-restoration efforts are relatively small scale and directed at only a portion of the habitat used by an animal (NRC 1996, Lake 2001, Lepori et al 2005.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating Tributary Restoration Potential for Pacific Salmon Recovery

Budy

Schaller

2007

Ecological Applications

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Although habitat restoration can play a key role in the conservation of imperiled species, for animals that demonstrate long migrations and complex life histories, reliance on physical restoration of isolated habitat patches comes with considerable uncertainty. Nevertheless, within freshwater ecosystems, stream restoration has become a major conservation focus, with millions of dollars spent annually on efforts aimed at recovering degraded habitat and imperiled riverine species. Within this context, we addressed fundamental uncertainties of the focus on tributary restoration for recovery of salmon: (1) Is there potential for improving habitat in tributaries? (2) What magnitude of early survival improvement can be expected based on stream restoration? and (3) Will incremental increases in early survival be sufficient to ensure viability overall? We combined simple mechanistic habitat models, population viability measures, and categorical filters to quantify "restoration potential," expressed as increased total life-cycle survival in response to restored tributary condition, across 32 populations composing five major population groups (MPG). A wide gap remains between how much survival improvement is needed vs. what is likely to occur; restoration potential meets the necessary minimum increase needed for only four populations within one MPG. The remaining populations (84%, 4 MPG) still fall far below the survival increase needed for future viability. In addition, across all populations and groups, a 171% increase (on average) in total life-cycle survival is needed; only approximately 106% appears possible. A recovery strategy for these salmon that relies largely on tributary restoration to mitigate for known mortality imposed at other life stages (e.g., migration through hydropower dams) is risky with a low probability of success. We demonstrate an approach for completing an a priori evaluation of restoration potential linked to population viability, such that habitat restoration efforts can be biologically prioritized and scarce resources can be allocated to efforts with the greatest potential and the least amount of risk, in terms of meeting conservation and recovery goals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating Tributary Restoration Potential for Pacific Salmon Recovery

Budy

Schaller

2007

Ecological Applications

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“…A high level of skill is needed in situations where a number of landholders and competing land management objectives are involved, or where negotiation is required to purchase or acquire land for the linkage. Linked systems of habitat at the regional scale that involve co-ordination amongst private landholders, land developers and multiple public authorities, are a major challenge (Reid and Murphy 1995;see Chapter 9). Important…”

Section: Management Responsibility and Adequacy Of Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linkages in the landscape : the role of corridors and connectivity in wildlife conservation

Bennett¹

2003

558

469

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Linkages in the Landscape IUCN'S FOREST CONSERVATION PROGRAMMEIUCN's Forest Conservation Programme coordinates and supports the activities of the IUCN Secretariat and members working with forest ecosystems. The goal of forest conservation is achieved through promoting protection, restoration and sustainable use of forest resources, so that forests provide the full potential range of goods and services.The programme makes contributions to policy at various levels and uses field projects to derive lessons to feed into the policy debate. The principles of Caring for the Earth, published jointly by IUCN, WWF and UNEP in 1991, are applied to these projects, which combine the needs of conservation and those of local communities. One major activity is to develop coherent and informed policies on forest conservation in order to advocate the translation of policies into effective actions. IUCN frequently advises major development institutions on forest issues, to ensure that conservation priorities are adequately addressed in their projects and programmes. The Forest Conservation Programme receives generous financial support from the Government of the Netherlands. The IUCN Forest Conservation Programme Linkages in the Landscape The Role of Corridors and Connectivity in Wildlife Conservation Andrew F. BennettSchool of Ecology and Environment Deakin University -Melbourne Campus, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia IUCN -The World Conservation Union 2003The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or Environment Australia concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN or Environment Australia. This publication has been made possible in part by funding from Environment Australia. Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged.Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder.Citation: Bennett, A.F. (1998Bennett, A.F. ( , 2003 When this volume was produced four years ago the title was prescient indeed -as the Vth World Parks Congress has selected more or less the same title for its first workshop stream ("more or less" because the workshop title is "Linkages in the landscape/seascape)". In fact, we are better thinking of the term "earthscape", which can be defined as a group of interconnected ecological systems. Earthscape also avoids the linguistic complications of trying to translate landscape into the common parlance of European, let alone global languages.The Secretariat of the linkages stream for the Vth World Parks Congress, together with the IUCN Commission on Ecosystem Management,...

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Terrestrial Nature Reserve Design at the Urban/Rural Interface

Shafer

Urban Ecology

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Providing a Regional Context for Local Conservation Action

Cited by 21 publications

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Evaluating Tributary Restoration Potential for Pacific Salmon Recovery

Evaluating Tributary Restoration Potential for Pacific Salmon Recovery

Linkages in the landscape : the role of corridors and connectivity in wildlife conservation

Terrestrial Nature Reserve Design at the Urban/Rural Interface

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