Provenance Modelling as a Technique for Analysing Source Terrane Evolution and Controls on Foreland Sedimentation

Relationships between Lithospheric Flexure, Thrust Tectonics and Stratigraphic Sequences in Foreland Setting: the Southern Apennines Foreland Basin System, Italy

“…Provenance studies in this tectonic setting have long been used to contribute the complex history of the basin evolution, sediment dispersal pathways, dating major thrust events, and the unroofing history of the thrust-belt (e.g. Wiltschko and Dorr, 1983;Graham et al, 1986;Dickinson, 1988;Jordan et al, 1988;Steidtmann and Schmitt, 1988;Critelli, 1999). Tectogenic sediments may be shed as alluvial fans in front of rising thrust sheets, and the age of these sediments may indicate the time of motion on some faults.…”

“…In settings where distinct source-rock compositions are eroded sequentially, as in the case of predominantly vertical uplift of a stratigraphic section, «unroofing sequences» are commonly formed in the resultant clastic wedge (e.g. Graham et al, 1986;DeCelles, 1988;Steidtmann and Schmitt, 1988). This erosional inverted clast stratigraphy can provide valuable www.intechopen.com Relationships between Lithospheric Flexure, Thrust Tectonics and Stratigraphic Sequences in Foreland Setting: the Southern Apennines Foreland Basin System, Italy 125 information about the evolving source and the identification of specific source areas (e.g.…”

“…Transport of clastic sediment in the same direction as tectonic transport is the commonly assumed setting for the clastic-wedge/ thrust association (e.g. Graham et al, 1986;Jordan et al, 1988;Steidtmann and Schmitt, 1988), that is named as «synthetic dispersal». However, opposite sediment dispersal pathways with rispect the tectonic transport is named as «anthitetic dispersal» (e.g.…”

Composition of modern stream sand derived from a mixture of sedimentary and metamorphic source rocks (Henares River, Central Spain)

“…However, a quantitative evaluation of recy cling is very complex. The main factors that make this difficult are: (1) the great diversity of source rocks that may produce a wide spectrum of sand composition, from deposits with 'common' grains (such as monocrystalline quartz generated from sili ciclastic successions), to deposits consisting of speci fic diagnostic lithic grains (such as carbonate lithics); (2) the diverse potentiality of these bedrocks to gener ate sand grains (Arribas et a!., 1998) possibly causing drastic dilution of some diagnostic grains (McBride and Picard, 1987); and (3) the low preservation poten tial of some sedimentary and rnetasedirnentary lithic fragments (as carbonate lithics) during transport because of their fragility (Cameron and Elatt, 1971;Graham et a!., 1986) or to the influence of climatic conditions (Mack, 1981;Cavazza et a!., 1993). To isolate all these factors a wider petrographic data base of these types of sediments in other geographic and climatic settings is needed.…”

The “Camporeale wedge-top Basin” (NW Sicily; Italy) in the frame of the Late Miocene Sicilian Foreland Basin System; Inferences from the Upper Tortonian–Lower Messinian Terravecchia Formation

“…In the lowermost portion of the stratigraphic section, the bulk of the conglomerates is mainly characterized by NFu and Su-derived rocks; upsection a locally observed progressive increase in Eocene pinkish-to-greenish deepwater carbonates and marl-derived clasts has been observed. The vertical variation in the mean clast composition within the fluvial conglomerates has been preliminarily interpreted as an "unroofing sequence" (Graham et al, 1986) recording the progressive subaerial exposition and erosion of increasingly older rocks in the source areas. Upward, and laterally toward the East, facies association A progressively develops with a coarsening-to-fining and thinning upward trend as visible at Costa Bisazza, Cozzo Strasatto, Mt.…”