Provenance and Sediment Maturity as Controls on CO2 Mineral Sequestration Potential of the Gassum Formation in the Skagerrak

Olivarius, Mette; Sundal, Anja; Weibel, Rikke; Gregersen, Ulrik; Baig, Irfan Ahmad; Thomsen, Tonny B.; Kristensen, L. E.; Hellevang, Helge; Nielsen, Lars Henrik

doi:10.3389/feart.2019.00312

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The rate constant for the Fe-chlorite, having even larger activation energy, is at 75 • C almost 100 times larger than for the average of the Mg-chlorites. This fast reactivity of the Fe-end-member fits well with studies of other Fe-rich clay minerals, such as glauconite [69], and poses a challenge in predicting the short term (<100 years) reactivity and mineral trapping potential of the Fe-chlorites, being very common in North Sea reservoirs [34,35,44,61]. The large variations in data for Mg-chlorite and the lack of data for the Fe-endmember result in a significant uncertainty in estimated dissolution rates, on top of the large uncertainties in reactive surface areas.…”

Section: Kinetic Rate Uncertainties For Chloritesupporting

confidence: 62%

“…However, an accurate facies description of sandstone in the injection area is not feasible until an appraisal and/or injection well is drilled and sample material becomes available. The shallow marine facies and mineral assemblages of the Johansen Formation appear analogous to several other CO 2 reservoir candidates on the Norwegian Shelf, e.g., the Sognefjord, Fensfjord, Krossfjord, Cook, and Gassum formations [29][30][31][32][33][34][35].…”

Section: Qualitative and Quantitative Reservoir Mineralogymentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Chlorite morphology is also expected to show significant lateral and stratigraphic variations. Chloritic ooids are recognised also in other potential storage formations such as the overlying Cook Formation [34] and in the Gassum Formation [35].…”

Section: Carbonatization Of Chloritementioning

confidence: 99%

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Using Reservoir Geology and Petrographic Observations to Improve CO2 Mineralization Estimates: Examples from the Johansen Formation, North Sea, Norway

Sundal

Hellevang

2019

Minerals

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Reservoir characterization specific to CO2 storage is challenging due to the dynamic interplay of physical and chemical trapping mechanisms. The mineralization potential for CO2 in a given siliciclastic sandstone aquifer is controlled by the mineralogy, the total reactive surface areas, and the prevailing reservoir conditions. Grain size, morphologies and mineral assemblages vary according to sedimentary facies and diagenetic imprint. The proposed workflow highlights how the input values for reactive mineral surface areas used in geochemical modelling may be parameterized as part of geological reservoir characterization. The key issue is to separate minerals both with respect to phase chemistry and morphology (i.e., grain size, shape, and occurrence), and focus on main reactants for sensitivity studies and total storage potentials. The Johansen Formation is the main reservoir unit in the new full-value chain CO2 capture and storage (CCS) prospect in Norway, which was licenced for the storage of CO2 as of 2019. The simulations show how reaction potentials vary in different sedimentary facies and for different mineral occurrences. Mineralization potentials are higher in fine-grained facies, where plagioclase and chlorite are the main cation donors for carbonatization. Reactivity decreases with higher relative fractions of ooidal clay and lithic fragments.

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Section: Kinetic Rate Uncertainties For Chloritesupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Qualitative and Quantitative Reservoir Mineralogymentioning

confidence: 96%

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Using Reservoir Geology and Petrographic Observations to Improve CO2 Mineralization Estimates: Examples from the Johansen Formation, North Sea, Norway

Sundal

Hellevang

2019

Minerals

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“…Regional faults (I) were imported as planes from Gregersen et al (2018); Olivarius et al (2019), as shown in the middle plot in Fig. 1.…”

Section: Top Surface Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, faults are considered only in their geometric effect on the caprock topography, and we do not consider the reduction in permeability across fault planes, nor the risk of upward leakage through faults. Reservoir properties and cap rock integrity are major controls on long term CO 2 storage, and have been addressed in other studies (Olivarius et al 2019;Nielsen 2003;Bruno et al 2014;Springer et al 2020). In this study, faults are considered transmissive across sand-sand contacts (Fossen and Bale 2007), and sealing along mudstone intervals (Bruno et al 2014).…”

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confidence: 96%

Estimating Caprock Impact on CO2 Migration in the Gassum Formation Using 2D Seismic Line Data

Andersen

Sundal

2021

Transp Porous Med

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Realizable CO2 storage potential for saline formations without closed lateral boundaries depends on the combined effects of physical and chemical trapping mechanisms to prevent long-term migration out of the defined storage area. One such mechanism is the topography of the caprock surface, which may retain CO2 in structural pockets along the migration path. Past theoretical and modeling studies suggest that even traps too small to be accurately described by seismic data may play a significant role. In this study, we use real but scarce seismic data from the Gassum Formation of the Norwegian Continental shelf to estimate the impact of topographical features of the top seal in limiting CO2 migration. We seek to estimate the amount of macro- and sub-scale trapping potential of the formation based on a few dozen interpreted 2D seismic lines and identified faults. We generate multiple high-resolution realizations of the top surface, constructed to be faithful to both large-scale topography and small-scale statistical properties. The structural trapping and plume retardation potential of these top surfaces is subsequently estimated using spill-point (static) analysis and dynamical flow simulation. By applying these techniques on a large ensemble of top surface realizations generated using a combination of stochastic realizations and systematic variation of key model parameters, we explore the range of possible impacts on plume advancement, physical trapping and migration direction. The stochastic analysis of trapping capacity and retardation efficiency in statistically generated, sub-seismic resolution features may also be applied for surfaces generated from 3D data.

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Geo-mechanical and geo-morphology characterisation of the cap rocks in the Niger Delta for potential carbon capture and storage

Mutadza,

Ikiensikimama,

Joel

2024

Heliyon

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Provenance and Sediment Maturity as Controls on CO2 Mineral Sequestration Potential of the Gassum Formation in the Skagerrak

Cited by 8 publications

References 53 publications

Using Reservoir Geology and Petrographic Observations to Improve CO2 Mineralization Estimates: Examples from the Johansen Formation, North Sea, Norway

Using Reservoir Geology and Petrographic Observations to Improve CO2 Mineralization Estimates: Examples from the Johansen Formation, North Sea, Norway

Estimating Caprock Impact on CO2 Migration in the Gassum Formation Using 2D Seismic Line Data

Geo-mechanical and geo-morphology characterisation of the cap rocks in the Niger Delta for potential carbon capture and storage

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