Provenance and recycling of Arabian desert sand

Garzanti, Eduardo; Vermeesch, Pieter; Andó, Sergio; Vezzoli, Giovanni; Valagussa, M.; Allen, Kate; Kadi, Khalid; Al-Juboury, Ali I.

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.01.005

Cited by 132 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Jafurah dunes contain a few zircon grains yielding Paleogene, Late Cretaceous, Jurassic or Permian ages ( fig. 9 in Garzanti et al, 2013a), which are not documented in Arabia but are common in Mesopotamian river sands, thus confirming subordinate minor sediment contribution from the latter.…”

Section: Long-distance Sediment Dispersal In Arid Climatementioning

confidence: 70%

“…(Garzanti et al, 2013a) to conclude that only a few zircon grains may be recycled from sandstones intercalated in the carbonate-dominated succession accreted in the Zagros fold-thrust belt and originally derived from Arabia. Tigris sand is characterized by late Oligocene ages, Eocene ages,…”

Section: Detrital-zircon Geochronologymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…8 in Garzanti et al, 2013a), but orogenic detritus remains common, in but litho-feldspatho-quartzose dune sand in of the Liwa oasis ( fig. 8 in Garzanti et al, 2013a). is estimated to contain still 18±4% of orogenic detritus.…”

Section: Long-distance Sediment Dispersal In Arid Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CIA uncorrected for CaO in carbonates is ≤ 30 for most samples, and reaches as low as 10 for Karkheh sand and ≤ 5 for Karun and Shatt al-Arab sands, reflecting abundance of carbonate grains. Scarcely meaningful are also  Al values (Garzanti et al, 2013a), which are generally very low for elements hosted in carbonates (0.01-0.7 for Ca, 0.1-0.8 for Mg, 0.1-1.5 for Sr) and vary mostly between 1 and 2 for Na, K and Ba, depending on the mineralogy of source rocks rather than on weathering conditions. On the other hand, the widespread and commonly overwhelming presence of carbonate grains is a sufficient indicator that weathering is negligible, as expected given the arid climate through most of the catchment.…”

Section: Geochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eolian sediment transport plays a major role in such an arid region. In the Pleistocene, during periods of low global sea-level, sand was deflated by reinforced northerly winds along the exposed floors of the Gulf and blown south and southwest up the Rub' al-Khali (Teller et al, 2000;Garzanti et al, , 2013a). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Euphrates-Tigris-Karun river system: Provenance, recycling and dispersal of quartz-poor foreland-basin sediments in arid climate

Garzanti

Al-Juboury

Zoleikhaei

et al. 2016

Earth-Science Reviews

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Citation for published item:q rz ntiD iF nd elEtu ouryD eFsF nd oleikh eiD F nd ermees hD F nd totheriD tF nd ekko D fw nd y idD eFuF nd ellenD wFfF nd end¡ oD F nd vimont D F nd do nD wF nd esentiniD eF nd ittnerD wF nd ezzoliD qF @PHITA 9 he iuphr tesE igrisEu run river system X proven n eD re y ling nd dispers l of qu rtzEpoor forel ndE sin sediments in rid lim teF9D i rthEs ien e reviewsFD ITP F ppF IHUEIPVF Further information on publisher's website:httpsXGGdoiForgGIHFIHITGjFe rs irevFPHITFHWFHHW Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Abstract: We present a detailed sediment-provenance study on the modern Euphrates-Tigris-Karun fluvial system and Mesopotamian foreland basin, one of the cradles of humanity. Our rich petrographic and heavy-mineral dataset, integrated by sand geochemistry and U-Pb age spectra of detrital zircons, highlights the several peculiarities of this large source-tosink sediment-routing system and widens the spectrum of compositions generally assumed as paradigmatic for orogenic settings. Comparison of classical static versus upgraded dynamic petrologic models enhance the power of provenance analysis, and allow us to derive a more refined conceptual model of reference and to verify the limitations of the approach. Sand derived from the Anatolia-Zagros orogen contains abundant lithic grains eroded from carbonates, cherts, mudrocks, arc volcanics, obducted ophiolites and ophiolitic mélanges representing the exposed shallow structural level of the orogen, with relative scarcity of quartz, Kfeldspar and mica. This quartz-poor petrographic signature, characterizing the undissected composite tectonic domain of the entire Anatolia-Iranian plateau, is markedly distinct from that of sand shed by more elevated and faster-eroding collision orogens such as the Himalaya. Arid climate in the region allows preservation of chemically unstable grains including carbonate rock fragments and locally even gypsum, and reduces transport capacity of fluvial systems, which dump most of their load in Mesopotamian marshlands upstream of the Arabian/Persian Gulf allochemical carbonate factory. Quartz-poor sediment from the AnatoliaZagros orogen mixes with quartz-rich recycled sands from Arabia along the western side of the foreland basin, and is traced all along the Gulf shores as far as the Rub' al-Khali sand sea up to 4000 km from Euphrates headwaters.Reviewer #1: This is an excellent review of an intriguing complex modern sediment source-to-sink system that has not been studied in a comprehensive manner prior to...

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Section: Long-distance Sediment Dispersal In Arid Climatementioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Detrital-zircon Geochronologymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Long-distance Sediment Dispersal In Arid Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Euphrates-Tigris-Karun river system: Provenance, recycling and dispersal of quartz-poor foreland-basin sediments in arid climate

Garzanti

Al-Juboury

Zoleikhaei

et al. 2016

Earth-Science Reviews

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Cenozoic epeirogeny of the Arabian Peninsula from drainage modeling

Wilson

Hoggard

White

2014

Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.

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It is generally accepted that the Arabian Peninsula has been uplifted by subcrustal processes.Positive residual depth anomalies from oceanic crust in the Red Sea and in the Gulf of Aden suggest that a region surrounding this peninsula is dynamically supported. Admittance calculations, surface wave tomography studies, and receiver function analyses all imply that regional topography is generated and maintained by some combination of mantle convective circulation and lithospheric thickness changes. Despite these significant advances, the spatial and temporal uplift rate history of the Arabian Peninsula is not well known. Here we show that a regional uplift rate history can be obtained by jointly inverting 225 longitudinal river profiles that drain this peninsula. Our strategy assumes that shapes of individual river profiles are controlled by uplift rate history and moderated by erosional processes. We used local measurements of incision rate to calibrate the relevant erosional parameters. In our inverse algorithm, uplift rate is permitted to vary smoothly as a function of space and time but upstream drainage area remains invariant. We also assume that knickzone migration is not lithologically controlled. Implications of these important assumptions have been investigated. Our results suggest that the Arabian Peninsula underwent two phases of asymmetric uplift during the last 20-30 Ma at rates of 0.05-0.1 mm a 21 . The southwestern flank of the peninsula has been uplifted by 1.5-2.5 km. Regional stratigraphic constraints, the age and composition of volcanism, paleosol formation, incised peneplains, emergent marine terraces, and thermochronometric measurements corroborate our calculated patterns of uplift. Progressive development of three domal swells along the western margin of the peninsula is consistent with localized upwelling of hot asthenospheric mantle.

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Sand Seas

Hesse

2019

Aeolian Geomorphology

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Provenance and recycling of Arabian desert sand

Cited by 132 publications

References 73 publications

The Euphrates-Tigris-Karun river system: Provenance, recycling and dispersal of quartz-poor foreland-basin sediments in arid climate

The Euphrates-Tigris-Karun river system: Provenance, recycling and dispersal of quartz-poor foreland-basin sediments in arid climate

Cenozoic epeirogeny of the Arabian Peninsula from drainage modeling

Sand Seas

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