Provenance and Paleozoic tectonic evolution of Ganderia and its relationships with Avalonia and Megumia in the Appalachian-Caledonide orogen

Staal, Cees R. van; Barr, Sandra M.; Waldron, John W.F.; Schofield, David; Zagorevski, A; White, Chris E.

doi:10.1016/j.gr.2021.05.025

Cited by 41 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 218 publications

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“…The differences are especially evident at lower‐crustal to sub‐Moho depths (25–45 km), likely due to a deeper Moho discontinuity and generally faster lower crust beneath composite Avalonia and Meguma than the Ganderia domain. Ganderia's rifting from West Gondwana, its drift across the Iapetus Ocean, and its accretion to Laurentia were independent from the Avalonia and Meguma terranes (van Staal et al., 2021). Hence after the onset of the Paleozoic, Ganderia and Avalonia were two different unrelated terranes (van Staal et al., 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crustal Structure Beneath the Northern Appalachians and the Eastern Grenville Province

Mojaver

Darbyshire

2022

JGR Solid Earth

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Southeastern Canada and the northeastern USA include terranes that were tectonized since the Archean, making this region an excellent place to investigate the evolution of continental crust. Our study area covers the Archean southeastern Superior Province, the Proterozoic eastern Grenville, and the Phanerozoic northern Appalachians comprising terranes with either Peri‐Laurentian or Peri‐Gondwanan heritage. Adopting a Rayleigh wave ambient noise tomography method, we used noise data recorded between 2013 and 2015, and obtained high resolution anisotropic tomographic images of the crust enabling us to discuss tectonic implications. The azimuthal anisotropy orientations follow a dominant NE‐SW trend across the study area, but some localized changes of anisotropy direction in the Bay of Fundy and across the Appalachian front are observed. The crust beneath the older Superior and Grenville provinces is generally fast, whereas the Appalachians include strong slow anomalies, especially at upper crustal depths, where they represent thick sedimentary basins beneath the St. Lawrence valley, the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and the Bay of Fundy. We suggest that the boundary between the Peri‐Laurentian and the Peri‐Gondwanan terranes at depth is marked by a Moho‐offset feature observable in our models. A generally similar crustal seismic signature for the two youngest easternmost tectonic domains suggest that they were never separated by a wide ocean basin. Our results provide important evidence for evolution of the continental crust during and after accretionary/collisional episodes in the study area.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crustal Structure Beneath the Northern Appalachians and the Eastern Grenville Province

Mojaver

Darbyshire

2022

JGR Solid Earth

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“…The IOT model infers sequential accretion of terranes to the eastern margin of Laurentia to explain geological cross-sections across northern Newfoundland and central New Brunswick (van Staal et al 2021). van Staal and Barr (2012) describe from west to east:…”

Section: Iot Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proposed correlations have been extended to western Europe and northeastern United States to infer consistent Appalachian-Caledonian orogenesis from eastern North America to western Europe (cf. Rast et al 1976b;Haworth 1980;Hatcher 2010;Pollock et al 2012; van Staal et al 2021).…”

Section: Iot Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

van Staal et al (2022) present basement geology tests for our terrane wreck (TW) model (Keppie et al 2021) and their preferred model (e.g., van Staal et al 2009; van Staal and Barr 2012) of northern Appalachian evolution, which we call the in-order terrane (IOT) model. Here, we discuss tests to both models and contend that current literature in both New Brunswick and Newfoundland sustains or strengthens our TW model and challenges their IOT model.

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confidence: 99%

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Reply to the discussion by van Staal et al. on “The northern Appalachian terrane wreck model”

Keppie

Dostál

2022

Can. J. Earth Sci.

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van Staal et al. (2022) present basement geology tests for our Terrane Wreck (TW) model (Keppie et al. 2021) and their preferred model (e.g., van Staal et al. 2009; van Staal and Barr 2012) of northern Appalachian evolution, which we call the In-Order Terrane (IOT) model. Here, we discuss tests to both models and contend that current literature in both New Brunswick and Newfoundland sustains or strengthens our TW model and challenges their IOT model. Current terrane models and tectonic maps may require revision.

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“…In contrast, both halves of the Fredericton Trough lack volcanic and calcareous rocks, with the eastern half having Ganderian provenance and the western half Laurentian provenance (Dokken et al 2018). Hence the Fredericton Trough, like its correlative in Newfoundland (Pollock et al 2007), was a marine basin that prevented Laurentian detritus from reaching eastern Ganderia (Gander margin of van Staal et al 2021b). Ludlow inversion of this marine basin removed the barrier.…”

Section: Matapedia Belt and Fredericton Trough Are Not The Samementioning

confidence: 99%

Discussion of “The northern Appalachian terrane wreck model”

Staal

Wilson²,

Zagorevski

et al. 2022

Can. J. Earth Sci.

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Provenance and Paleozoic tectonic evolution of Ganderia and its relationships with Avalonia and Megumia in the Appalachian-Caledonide orogen

Cited by 41 publications

References 218 publications

Crustal Structure Beneath the Northern Appalachians and the Eastern Grenville Province

Crustal Structure Beneath the Northern Appalachians and the Eastern Grenville Province

Reply to the discussion by van Staal et al. on “The northern Appalachian terrane wreck model”

Discussion of “The northern Appalachian terrane wreck model”

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