Protozoan and Microbial Pathogens of House Cats in the Province of Tekirdag in Western Turkey

Muz, Mustafa Necati; Erat, Serkan; Mumcuoglu, Kosta Y.

doi:10.3390/pathogens10091114

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 97 publications

(113 reference statements)

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“…However, our correlation of bacterial prevalence with age was in contrast to a prevalence study in house cats in Western Turkey. In this study, Muz et al reported that there was no statistical difference observed between the prevalence of the pathogen in different age groups [ 7 ]. Furthermore, in our study, the most commonly isolated species of bacteria were E. coli , S. felis , Enterococcus spp., and P. mirabilis in cats, which agreed with the findings of Jung et al in stray and hospital admitted cats of South Korea [ 8 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Prevalence of Bacterial Species in Skin, Urine, Diarrheal Stool, and Respiratory Samples in Cats

et al. 2022

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Bacterial infections are a significant cause of illness and death in different animals. However, these bacterial infections could be a source of human disease or illness if these pathogenic bacteria are present in companion animals. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria associated with different site infections in cats in the Republic of Korea. For this purpose, samples were collected from the skin/ear, urine, respiratory, and diarrheal stool origins of cats obtained between 2018 and 2019 from seven different laboratories and centers participating in the Korean Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System. These samples were subjected to analysis for the identification and isolation of associated bacterial species using a bacterial culture approach. A total of 609 isolates were identified in four different cat samples. Among them, 267, 184, 57, and 101 were extracted from diarrheal stool, skin, urine, and respiratory samples, respectively. The findings of this study showed that Escherichia coli was the most prevalent species among isolated bacterial species of diarrheal stool and urine origin. Staphylococcus felis and Pasteurella multocida were most prevalent in the skin and respiratory tract, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in bacterial distribution among the different age groups in all samples. This is the first nationwide surveillance report that associates bacterial prevalence with their site of origin and helps in the prevention of bacterial infections in cats. Moreover, the pattern of bacterial prevalence could provide sufficient guidance for the selection of empirical antimicrobial therapy against infections in cats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Prevalence of Bacterial Species in Skin, Urine, Diarrheal Stool, and Respiratory Samples in Cats

et al. 2022

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“…Map was created utilizing mapchart.net. Prevalence is derived from the following manuscripts: Albania [ 48 ], Australia [ 22 , 49 ], Brazil [ 40 , 50 – 55 ], Canada (British Columbia [ 56 ], Ontario [ 18 ], Saskatchewan [ 57 ], Prince Edward Island [ 58 ]), Chile [ 59 ], China [ 60 ], Cyprus [ 61 ], Denmark [ 62 ], Ecuador [ 63 ], Egypt [ 64 ], Germany [ 17 , 65 ], Greece [ 66 , 67 ], Iran [ 68 ], Ireland [ 69 ], Italy [ 25 , 45 , 70 – 72 ], Kenya [ 29 ] Japan [ 46 , 73 , 74 ], New Zealand [ 75 ], Portugal [ 32 , 76 ], Qatar [ 77 ], Romania [ 78 ], Russia [ 79 ], Saudi Arabia [ 80 ], South Africa [ 81 ], South Korea [ 82 ], Spain [ 40 , 83 , 84 ], Switzerland [ 19 ], Tanzania [ 28 ], Thailand [ 28 , 85 – 87 ], Turkey [ 88 , 89 ], Trinidad and Tobago [ 90 ], England [ 91 ], USA (Arizona [ 92 ], California, Colorado, and Florida [ 93 ], Louisiana [ 94 ], and Virginia and North Carolina [ 23 ]), Scotland [ 95 ], and Singapore […”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case of mistaken identity: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and reinvestigation of hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. infection in Ctenocephalides felis (cat flea)

Moore,

Lashnits,

Lappin

et al. 2024

Parasites Vectors

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Background Feline-associated hemotropic Mycoplasma (hemoplasmas) are believed to be transmitted by two primary mechanisms: (1) direct transmission via fighting and (2) vector-borne transmission by the cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis). While the efficiency of transmission by C. felis appears low, most manuscripts focus on the prevalence of hemoplasmas in wild-caught fleas and report either a very low (< 3%) or a high (> 26%) prevalence. Therefore, we aimed to assess the influence of sample processing and PCR methods on C. felis hemoplasma infection prevalence. Methods A systemic review of PubMed articles identified 13 manuscripts (1,531 fleas/flea pools) that met the inclusion criteria (performed PCR for >1 hemoplasma on C. felis collected from cats). Risk of bias was assessed utilizing the ROBINS-E tool. Meta-analysis performed in R of these manuscripts found that not washing samples and a common set of 16S rRNA primers first published in Jensen et al. 2001 were associated with increased hemoplasma prevalence. To evaluate the influence of washing on newly collected fleas, we assessed the hemoplasma status of 20 pools of 5 C. felis each, half of which were washed and half not washed. Results Flea washing did not influence the detection of hemoplasma but instead amplified Spiroplasma. To assess non-specific amplification with the Jensen et al. 2001 primers, 67 C. felis samples (34% previously reported hemoplasma infected) were subject to PCR and sequencing. By this method, hemoplasma was detected in only 3% of samples. In the remaining “hemoplasma infected” fleas, PCR amplified Spiroplasma or other bacteria. Conclusions Therefore, we concluded that hemoplasma infection in C. felis is rare, and future flea prevalence studies should sequence all positive amplicons to validate PCR specificity. Further investigation of alternative methods of feline-associated hemoplasma transmission and the ability of C. felis to maintain hemoplasma infection is necessary. Graphical Abstract

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“…Of interest, the Philippines had the highest Bartonella spp. prevalence (61.3%) [43], followed by Turkey (40.1%) [71], Korea (33.6%) [72,73] and Israel (28.6%) [3,74]. Furthermore, other studies reported lower Bartonella prevalence rates varying between 9.1% and 19.6% in China [69,[75][76][77], Thailand [78][79][80][81], Saengsawang et al [82], Taiwan [83,84], Malaysia [85], Japan [86]; Sato et al [87], Saudi Arabia [88].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Molecular Prevalence of Bartonella spp. in Cats and Dogs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Zarea,

Tempesta,

Odigie

et al. 2023

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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Bartonella species are vector-borne infectious pathogens with a severe impact on animal and human health. This comprehensive systematic review aimed to perform a meta-analysis to evaluate the global impact of this pathogen on pet health. A literature search was performed on electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus) to find relevant peer-reviewed published papers (n = 131). A random-effects model was employed to calculate pooled prevalence estimates, and Q-statistic and I2 index were used to assess the heterogeneity. Based on 20.133 cats and 9.824 dogs, the global prevalence estimates were 15.3% and 3.6%. The heterogeneity was significantly high in both species, with I2 = 95.8%, p-value <0.0001, and I2 = 87.7%, p-value <0.0001 in cats and dogs, respectively. The meta-analysis conducted using location coordinates showed a consistently high prevalence in regions located between latitudes −40 to −30 or latitudes 30–40 in both populations, in agreement with the pure spatial analysis results, which computed significantly high relative risk areas within these region coordinates. When analyzing cat data for other subgroup moderators, Bartonella spp. prevalence was higher in animals of young age (<1 year, p-value = 0.001), with a free roaming lifestyle (p-value <0.0001) and/or having ectoparasite infestation (p-value = 0.004). Globally, among the Bartonella species detected in cats, Bartonella henselae was the most frequent (13.05%), followed by Bartonella clarridgeiae (1.7%) and Bartonella koehlerae (0.11%). When considering Bartonella henselae genotype distribution, high heterogeneity ( p < 0.0001 ) was observed based on geographical subgroups. Dogs displayed infection by Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii (1.1%), B. henselae (1%), Candidatus B. merieuxii (0.9%) and B. rochalimae (0.38%). The present study provides a global picture of the epidemiological distribution of Bartonella spp. in cat and dog populations that may be pivotal for implementing proper preventive and control measures.

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Protozoan and Microbial Pathogens of House Cats in the Province of Tekirdag in Western Turkey

Cited by 16 publications

References 97 publications

Prevalence of Bacterial Species in Skin, Urine, Diarrheal Stool, and Respiratory Samples in Cats

Prevalence of Bacterial Species in Skin, Urine, Diarrheal Stool, and Respiratory Samples in Cats

A case of mistaken identity: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and reinvestigation of hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. infection in Ctenocephalides felis (cat flea)

The Global Molecular Prevalence of Bartonella spp. in Cats and Dogs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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