Protozoan and bacterial pathogens in tick salivary glands in wild and domestic animal environments in South Africa

Berggoetz, M.; Schmid, M.; Ston, D.; Wyss, V.; Chevillon, Christine; Pretorius, Anne-Marié; Gern, Lise

doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2013.10.003

Cited by 37 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…Competitive exclusion among tick-borne pathogens was observed in Algerian cattle [ 44 ]. Conversely, aggregative distribution seems to be the rule in South Africa for tick-borne pathogens monitored in mammalian blood samples or in the tick salivary glands [ 45 , 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community structure, seasonal variations and interactions between native and invasive cattle tick species in Benin and Burkina Faso

et al. 2016

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BackgroundThe variation of tick abundance on ruminants had received little attention in West Africa before Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus started to invade this region in the early 2000s. Ten years later, R. microplus was suspected to have replaced the native ticks. In addition to testing this hypothesis, this study investigated the interactions between native and invasive ticks and the relative role of climatic and geographical variables in the variations of tick community composition (beta diversity) on cattle herds.MethodsA one-year-long survey was performed in Benin and Burkina Faso during which adult ticks were collected from 144 steers from 12 localities in four different areas once a month. Morphological features were used to assign the collected ticks to different species (A. variegatum, R. annulatus, R. decoloratus, R. microplus and R. geigyi). Beta diversity analyses and generalized linear models allowed characterizing the geographical variations in species assemblage and the effect of co-infestation patterns on the seasonal variations in the abundance and incidence rates of each taxon.ResultsAbout 68 % (22,491/32,148) of all the adult ticks collected in one year were R. microplus. The most heterogeneously distributed taxa were Hyalomma spp and R. microplus and the lowest specific diversity was found in Central Burkina Faso. Although climatic variables did not provide any additional information on the variation in species assemblages compared with the sampling geography, adult tick abundance tended to peak during the late (Boophilus subgenus) or early (other taxa) rainy season. In most taxon-per-locality analyses, the abundance and incidence rate of a given tick taxon significantly increased when the host was co-infested by other taxa. The comparison with previous estimates (when possible) did not support the hypothesis that R. microplus invasion led to a decrease in native tick species abundance.ConclusionsThe co-infestation patterns among native and invasive tick species are key factors for the determination of the community structure and the infestation dynamics of each tick taxon in West African cattle.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1305-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community structure, seasonal variations and interactions between native and invasive cattle tick species in Benin and Burkina Faso

et al. 2016

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“…However, Cape buffalo ( Syncerus caffer ) are known competent reservoirs for T . parva and occupies overlapping habitats with cattle, providing a continuous source of parasite for tick transmission [25,28,30]. Biological vectors that acquire infection while feeding on buffalo can transmit the pathogen to either buffalo or cattle causing significant economic loss to the livestock industry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Virulent Babesia bovis Strain Failed to Infect White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

et al. 2015

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Wildlife are an important component in the vector-host-pathogen triangle of livestock diseases, as they maintain biological vectors that transmit pathogens and can serve as reservoirs for such infectious pathogens. Babesia bovis is a tick-borne pathogen, vectored by cattle fever ticks, Rhipicephalus spp., that can cause up to 90% mortality in naive adult cattle. While cattle are the primary host for cattle fever ticks, wild and exotic ungulates, including white-tailed deer (WTD), are known to be viable alternative hosts. The presence of cattle fever tick populations resistant to acaricides raises concerns regarding the possibility of these alternative hosts introducing tick-borne babesial parasites into areas free of infection. Understanding the B. bovis reservoir competence of these alternative hosts is critical to mitigating the risk of introduction. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that WTD are susceptible to infection with a B. bovis strain lethal to cattle. Two groups of deer were inoculated intravenously with either B. bovis blood stabilate or a larval extract supernatant containing sporozoites from infected R. microplus larvae. The collective data demonstrated that WTD are neither a transient host nor reservoir of B. bovis. This conclusion is supported by the failure of B. bovis to establish an infection in deer regardless of inoculum. Although specific antibody was detected for a short period in the WTD, the PCR results were consistently negative at multiple time points throughout the experiment and blood from WTD that had been exposed to parasite, transferred into naïve recipient susceptible calves, failed to establish infection. In contrast, naïve steers inoculated intravenously with either B. bovis blood stabilate or the larval extract supernatant containing sporozoites rapidly succumbed to disease. These findings provide evidence that WTD are not an epidemiological component in the maintenance of B. bovis infectivity to livestock.

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“…There are scanty reports on the ability of this species to transmit diseases in both humans and animal. However, it is a known vector agent of the protozoan Babesia bigemina, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), and Ehrlichia ruminantium [55][56][57]. Mediannikov et al [54] has reported on the ability of R. evertsi evertsi to transmit rickettsial agents in ticks that were collected in Senegal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular screening of ticks for the presence of Rickettsia species: A public health concern

Iweriebor

Igwaran

Adegborioye

et al. 2017

APJTD

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Protozoan and bacterial pathogens in tick salivary glands in wild and domestic animal environments in South Africa

Cited by 37 publications

References 38 publications

Community structure, seasonal variations and interactions between native and invasive cattle tick species in Benin and Burkina Faso

Community structure, seasonal variations and interactions between native and invasive cattle tick species in Benin and Burkina Faso

A Virulent Babesia bovis Strain Failed to Infect White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

Molecular screening of ticks for the presence of Rickettsia species: A public health concern

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