Prototyping flexible supercapacitors produced with biohydrogel

Saborío, Maricruz G.; Zukić, Šejla; Lanzalaco, Sonia; Casanovas, Jordi; Puiggalı́, Jordi; Estrany, Francesc; Alemán, Carlos

doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2018.04.013

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…55 Moreover, the covalent assembly of two of such electrodes through a dielectric layer made with the same hydrogel resulted in a flexible organic supercapacitor able to retain its properties upon drastic compression. 56 A variation of this strategy could be used to obtain flexible n-doped PEDOT:ionene electrodes.…”

Section: In Situ Thermal Hydrogelation Of Ionenes In N-redoped Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isomeric cationic ionenes as n-dopant agents of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) for in situ gelation

et al. 2018

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Three isomeric ionene polymers containing 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) and N,N'-(x-phenylene)dibenzamide (x = ortho-/meta-/para-) linkages have been used as dopant agents to produce n-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) electrodes by reducing already dedoped conducting polymer (CP) films. This work focuses on the influence of the ionene topology on both the properties of n-doped PEDOT:ionene electrodes and the success of the in situ thermal gelation of the ionene inside the CP matrix. The highest doping level is reached for the para-isomeric ionene-containing electrode, even though the content of ortho- and meta-topomers in the corresponding n-doped PEDOT:ionene electrodes is greater. Thus, many of the incorporated ionene units are not directly interacting with CP chains and, therefore, they do not play an active role as n-dopant agents but they are crucial for the in situ formation of the ionene hydrogels. The effect of the ionene topology is practically non-existent on properties such as the specific capacitance and wettability of PEDOT:ionene films, and it is small but non-negligible on the electrochemical and thermal stability. In contrast, the surface morphology, topography, and distribution of dopant molecules significantly depend on the ionene topology. In situ thermal gelation was successful in PEDOT films n-doped with the ortho- and para-topomers, even though this assembly process was much faster for the former than for the latter. The gelation considerably improved the mechanical response of the electropolymerized PEDOT film, which was practically non-existent before it. Molecular dynamics simulations prove that the strength and abundance of PEDOTionene specific interactions (i.e. π-π stacking, N-HS hydrogen bonds and both N+O and N+S interactions) are higher for the meta-isomeric ionene, for which the in situ gelation was not achieved, than for the ortho- and para-ones.

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Section: In Situ Thermal Hydrogelation Of Ionenes In N-redoped Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isomeric cationic ionenes as n-dopant agents of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) for in situ gelation

et al. 2018

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“…It is clearly observed an enhancement of the electrochemical activity when PEDOT MPs are incorporated inside the γ-PGA hydrogel, which behaves as a dielectric material. 28,29,34 Indeed, the SC is greater for the hybrid PEDOT/γPGA system than for the bare γPGA hydrogel by one order of magnitude. However, comparing the loss of electrostability it is high and similar for both systems (i.e.~40%).…”

Section: Electrochemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…[24][25][26] The combination of these elements to build a flexible electrode will open the opportunity not only to biocompatible and wearable energy storages but also to the green electronics building novel implantable devices. Recently, we developed conductive polymer-based hydrogels using either cellulose 27 or γPGA 28,29 as a biohydrogel matrix to be used in both flexible electrodes and energy storage applications. These latter works have established a new methodology, in which two different types of conductive fillers are synergistically combined and, thus, improving the conductivity properties of the material as a whole.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electroactive interpenetrated biohydrogels as hybrid materials based on conducting polymers

Molina

Llampayas

Fabregat

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Different levels of interpenetration of poly(hydroxymethyl‐3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PHMeDOT) inside a poly‐γ‐glutamic acid (γPGA) biohydrogel matrix, previously loaded with microparticles of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), have been obtained. The degree of interpenetration has shown influence on the morphological and electrochemical properties of the resulting biohydrogel ([PEDOT/γPGA]PHMeDOT) with a maximum after 1 h of PHMeDOT polymerization time. The high biocompatibility of all biohydrogel components, together with the combination of mechanical properties of γPGA hydrogels with the electrochemical properties of interconnected microparticles of PEDOT, makes it a promising material for next generation of biosensors.

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“…A major goal of bioelectronics is to realize real‐time in vivo health monitoring and medical intervention with implanted functional devices, such as radio transmitters, automated drug delivery systems, sensors, pacemakers, stimulators for deep brain, artificial visions, and diagnostic/therapeutic devices . Stretchable supercapacitors can potentially be used in implantable electronics as they can supply energy in a durable and continuous way.…”

Section: Health Monitoring Bioelectronics Powered By Stretchable Supementioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable Supercapacitors as Emergent Energy Storage Units for Health Monitoring Bioelectronics

Chen

Villa

Zhuang

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

104

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Emerging health monitoring bioelectronics require energy storage units with improved stretchability, biocompatibility, and self‐charging capability. Stretchable supercapacitors hold great potential for such systems due to their superior specific capacitances, power densities, and tissue‐conforming properties, as compared to both batteries and conventional capacitors. Despite the rapid progress that has been made in supercapacitor research, practical applications in health monitoring bioelectronics have yet to be achieved, requiring innovations in materials, device configurations, and fabrications tailored for such applications. In this review, the progress in stretchable supercapacitor‐powered health monitoring bioelectronics is summarized and the required specifications of supercapacitors for different types of application settings with varying demands on biocompatibility are discussed, including nontouching wearables, skin‐touching wearables, skin‐conforming wearables, and implantables. The perspective of this review is then broadened to focus on integration of stretchable supercapacitors in bioelectronics and aspects of energy harvesting and sensing. Finally further insights on the existing challenges in this developing field and potential solutions are provided.

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Prototyping flexible supercapacitors produced with biohydrogel

Cited by 13 publications

References 56 publications

Isomeric cationic ionenes as n-dopant agents of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) for in situ gelation

Isomeric cationic ionenes as n-dopant agents of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) for in situ gelation

Electroactive interpenetrated biohydrogels as hybrid materials based on conducting polymers

Stretchable Supercapacitors as Emergent Energy Storage Units for Health Monitoring Bioelectronics

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