Prototype of a reflux preventing ureteral stent and its clinical use

Anti-Reflux Ureteral Stent with Polymeric Flap Valve Using Three-Dimensional Printing: An In Vitro Study

“…Several groups have previously developed antireflux ureteral stents to counteract these problems. 9,10 In 1992, Yamaguchi and associates 9 designed an antireflux ureteral stent by adding a thin silicon sleeve at its distal end, which acted as an antireflux valve. Ritter and colleagues 10 designed a different type of antireflex ureteral stent in 2012, which had a long, thin, and uncurled distal end.…”

“…It had an antireflux device at the distal end of the stent, and showed a significant decrease in VUR compared with the conventional DJ stent in an actual patient. 9 The proposed antireflux ureteral stent is expected to have advantages in patients who need long-term placement of ureteral stents. These patients may probably be affected by repeated VUR in the presence of a conventional DJ stent.…”

“…To solve these problems, several groups have studied, developed, and fabricated antireflux ureteral stents. [7][8][9][10] One method used to efficiently fabricate antireflux ureteral stents is three-dimensional (3D) printing. 3D printing is being widely used in various areas to fabricate complex structures, because it has the advantages of easy fabrication of miniaturized structures, high precision, mass production, rapid prototyping, and cost-effectiveness.…”

Advances in ureteral stent technology

“…Its use has been extended to other endoureterotomy procedures. Although the re¯ux issue has not proven to have much clinical signi®cance, probably because of pressure dissipance through the side holes along the stent, a nonre¯uxing stent has been proposed [72]. Phan and Stoller [43] have developed a helically ridged ureteric stent that may facilitate the passage of stone fragments.…”

A short biodegradable helical spiral ureteric stent provides better antireflux and drainage properties than a double-J stent

“…VUR and increased renal pelvic pressures are associated with most common stent designs in clinical use and the majority of patients with double-J stents develop VUR [10,11,[19][20][21]. Novel stent designs with antireflux properties have been introduced but they are not widely accepted in clinical use because of their inferior flow patterns [12,[22][23][24]. In an earlier study by this group a self-expandable SR-PLA 96 partial ureteral stent showed more favourable antireflux properties than a double-J stent when evaluated by dynamic kidney imaging [15].…”