Protosteloid Amoebae (Protosteliida, Protosporangiida, Cavosteliida, Schizoplasmodiida, Fractoviteliida, and Sporocarpic Members of Vannellida, Centramoebida, and Pellitida)

Spiegel, Frederick W.; Shadwick, Lora L.; Ndiritu, George G.; Brown, Matthew W.; Aguilar, María José Cuesta; Shadwick, John D.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32669-6_12-1

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…fungivorum due to the rapid consumption of the yeast R. mucilaginosa (Hillmann et al, ). In general, protosteloid amoebae are widely distributed across the phylogenetic tree of the Amoebozoa (Shadwick et al, ; Kang et al, ; Spiegel et al, ). Protostelium aurantium (formerly known as Planoprotostelium aurantium ) is part of the P. mycophagum (‘ fungus eating ’) clade whose members are true cosmopolitans and have been recovered from all continents except Antarctica (Aguilar et al, ; Ndiritu et al, ; Hillmann et al, ; Shadwick et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The different morphologies of yeast and filamentous fungi trigger distinct killing and feeding mechanisms in a fungivorous amoeba

Radosa

Ferling

Sprague

et al. 2019

Environmental Microbiology

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Summary Size and diverse morphologies pose a primary challenge for phagocytes such as innate immune cells and predatory amoebae when encountering fungal prey. Although filamentous fungi can escape phagocytic killing by pure physical constraints, unicellular spores and yeasts can mask molecular surface patterns or arrest phagocytic processing. Here, we show that the fungivorous amoeba Protostelium aurantium was able to adjust its killing and feeding mechanisms to these different cell shapes. Yeast‐like fungi from the major fungal groups of basidiomycetes and ascomycetes were readily internalized by phagocytosis, except for the human pathogen Candida albicans whose mannoprotein coat was essential to escape recognition by the amoeba. Dormant spores of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus also remained unrecognized, but swelling and the onset of germination induced internalization and intracellular killing by the amoeba. Mature hyphae of A. fumigatus were mostly attacked from the hyphal tip and killed by an actin‐mediated invasion of fungal filaments. Our results demonstrate that predatory pressure imposed by amoebae in natural environments selects for distinct survival strategies in yeast and filamentous fungi but commonly targets the fungal cell wall as a crucial molecular pattern associated to prey and pathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The different morphologies of yeast and filamentous fungi trigger distinct killing and feeding mechanisms in a fungivorous amoeba

Radosa

Ferling

Sprague

et al. 2019

Environmental Microbiology

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“…The kinetid structures of swimming stages are diagrammed in Spiegel et al. (), Mikryukov and Mylnikov (), Hibberd (), and Pánek et al. (). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes

Adl

Bass

Lane

et al. 2019

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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937

756

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This revision of the classification of eukaryotes follows that of Adl et al., 2012 [ J. Euk. Microbiol . 59(5)] and retains an emphasis on protists. Changes since have improved the resolution of many nodes in phylogenetic analyses. For some clades even families are being clearly resolved. As we had predicted, environmental sampling in the intervening years has massively increased the genetic information at hand. Consequently, we have discovered novel clades, exciting new genera and uncovered a massive species level diversity beyond the morphological species descriptions. Several clades known from environmental samples only have now found their home. Sampling soils, deeper marine waters and the deep sea will continue to fill us with surprises. The main changes in this revision are the confirmation that eukaryotes form at least two domains, the loss of monophyly in the Excavata, robust support for the Haptista and Cryptista. We provide suggested primer sets for DNA sequences from environmental samples that are effective for each clade. We have provided a guide to trophic functional guilds in an appendix, to facilitate the interpretation of environmental samples, and a standardized taxonomic guide for East Asian users.

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“…2D ). Spiegel et al (2017) and Spiegel et al (2007) assigned the species with the longer stalk that had a pronouncedly thinning tip as S. micropunctata ( T. micropunctatum ) and the species with the shorter stalk that had a gradually thinning tip as T. acutostipes . However, we cannot detect such differences between T. micropunctatum YIP-40 and T. acutostipes YIP-60.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-examination of a rare protosteloid amoeba Schizoplasmodiopsis micropunctata, and the revision of Tychosporium (Cavosteliida, Variosea, Amoebozoa)

2023

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The genus Schizoplasmodiopsis is one of the most morphologically diverse groups among the class Variosea. Recent phylogenetic studies suggest that Schizoplasmodiopsis is polyphyletic, but there are few taxonomic studies of this genus. We established S. micropunctata strain YIP-40, observed in detail its of morphology and lifecycle, and conducted a phylogenetic analysis. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that S. micropunctata was sister to Tychosporium acutostipes. Scanning electron microscopy showed S. micropunctata had a non-deciduous hilum structure that is unique to Tychosporium. The morphology of amoebae, mitotic behavior, and prespore cells of S. micropunctata also supported the close relationship to Tychosporium. We propose to transfer S. micropunctata to Tychosporium and emend the generic concept of Tychosporium to include this species.

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Protosteloid Amoebae (Protosteliida, Protosporangiida, Cavosteliida, Schizoplasmodiida, Fractoviteliida, and Sporocarpic Members of Vannellida, Centramoebida, and Pellitida)

Cited by 8 publications

References 56 publications

The different morphologies of yeast and filamentous fungi trigger distinct killing and feeding mechanisms in a fungivorous amoeba

The different morphologies of yeast and filamentous fungi trigger distinct killing and feeding mechanisms in a fungivorous amoeba

Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes

Re-examination of a rare protosteloid amoeba <i>Schizoplasmodiopsis micropunctata</i>, and the revision of <i>Tychosporium</i> (<i>Cavosteliida</i>, <i>Variosea</i>, <i>Amoebozoa</i>)

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