Protoplast induction in Chlorella vulgaris

Berliner, Martha D.

doi:10.1016/0304-4211(77)90099-2

Cited by 38 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The treatment diets were designed so that C. vulgaris would be the principal source of protein. Chlorella contains about 42-58% protein dry weight [32][33][34]. Similarly, Zeinhom [35] noted that inclusion of algae in fish diets improved growth.The high inclusion level of C. vulgaris (25%) could have contributed in the better growth rate of C. gariepinus more than the fishmeal diet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorella vulgaris as Protein Source in the Diets of African Catfish Clarias gariepinus

Enyidi

2017

Fishes

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Plant proteins substitutes of fishmeal in aquafeed are usually lacking in some essential amino acids and fatty acids. The microalgae Chlorella vulgaris has good-quality protein with amino acids rich in methionine, lysine and alanine. Four novel diets having C. vulgaris as the main source of protein were produced for African catfish Clarias gariepinus with an initial average weight of 1.09 ± 0.05 g. The diets were labeled Feed 1 (F1) to feed 4 (F4). The treatment diets were included 25% (F1), 15% (F2), 5% (F3) and 0% (F4) green algae meal. The basal ingredients of the feed were corn (maize) included as F1, 40%, F2, 43%, F3, 53% and F4, 43%; and millet meal, which varied in F1 as 23%, F2, 30%, F3, 30% and F4, 30%. The ingredients were preconditioned at 110 • C and pelleted. Post-fingerling African catfish were stocked at 10 fish per aquarium. There were three replicate aquariums for each feed type and the fish were fed for 60 d. The specific growth rate was best for the catfish fed with 25% C. vulgaris diet 7.86 ± 0% day −1 , and worst at 6.77 ± 0.07% day −1 for the control group F4, 0% algal meal. The food conversion ratio (FCR) was lowest (1.88 ± 0.02) for 25% algal meal diet (F1) and highest (2.98 ± 0.01) for the 0% algal meal diet F4. Similarly, catfish had average weight gain of 121.02 ± 0.04 g for those fed with F1 compared to 62.50 ± 0.0 g for those fed with 0% algae F4. Protein efficiency ratio was highest for the F1-fed fish (2.46 ± 0.22) and lowest for those fed with F4 (2.02 ± 0.09). The hepatosomatic index was lowest for F1-fed fish (1.48 ± 0.01) and highest for catfish fed with F4 (2.50 ± 0.59). Based on the results, C. vulgaris is a good protein source for African catfish and can also substitute fishmeal in the catfish diets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorella vulgaris as Protein Source in the Diets of African Catfish Clarias gariepinus

Enyidi

2017

Fishes

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“…Chlorella cell walls can be removed by enzymatic treatment [1,3,33]. Several enzyme mixtures were tested, and two enzyme mixtures were found to give good protoplast yields (as tested by sensitivity for trypan blue uptake when cultured in hypotonic medium) without significant toxicity to the cells.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Human Growth Hormone by the Eukaryotic Alga, Chlorella

1999

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A method to use Chlorella to express a recombinant heterologous protein that can be recovered from the extracellular medium has been developed. Plasmids are constructed with an extracellular secretion signal sequence inserted between a promoter region and a gene for human growth hormone (hGH). The plasmids also contain a Kanr region which confers resistance to the antibiotic G418. Protoplasts are prepared by enzymatic treatment, and the plasmid is introduced by incubation of the protoplasts with polyethylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide. Cells are then grown in the presence of G418, and the medium is collected from 6 days after transfection. hGH is measured by immunoassay, and values for expressed hGH of about 200-600 ng/ml are obtained.

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“…Protoplast induction for Chlorella species has been reported since 1975, and the enzymatic digestion methods used to get protoplasts have been applied successfully in many species (Braun and Aach 1975;Berliner 1977;Aach et al 1978;Rosen et al 1985;Hatano et al 1992;Urano and Fujii 2000). Even so, due to the complexity of the cell wall structures or chemical composition, protoplast isolation systems were difficult to develop for some species (Yamada and Sakaguchi 1982;Rosen et al 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although several methods are available for the release and regeneration of protoplasts from Chlorella, in view of the diversity of Chlorella species, as well as the variations in the cell wall composition, no single method is universally applicable (Braun and Aach 1975;Berliner 1977;Aach et al 1978;Rosen et al 1985;Hatano et al 1992;Urano and Fujii 2000). As for the species Chlorella protothecoides, due to its oil-producing capability, it is receiving increasing attention in recent years (Rosenberg et al 2008;Xiong et al 2010b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of protoplasts from Chlorella protothecoides

Kong

2011

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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This paper describes an enzymatic method for yielding protoplasts from the microalga Chlorella protothecoides. Four kinds of commercially available enzymes were tested. The enzymatic digestion was optimal with 2% cellulase R-10 and 1% snailase prepared in 25 mM Tris buffer (pH 6.0) containing 0.6 M D-mannitol, and the protoplast density could reach the peak after treatment at 30°C for 16 h. Nearly all liberated protoplasts were green in the presence of 0.01% phenosafranin, indicating their high viability. The regeneration rate was about 70% when 0.6 M D-mannitol was used as an osmotic stabilizer in the regeneration medium. This protocol will find useful applications in genetic studies of this algal species.

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Protoplast induction in Chlorella vulgaris

Cited by 38 publications

References 7 publications

Chlorella vulgaris as Protein Source in the Diets of African Catfish Clarias gariepinus

Chlorella vulgaris as Protein Source in the Diets of African Catfish Clarias gariepinus

Expression of Human Growth Hormone by the Eukaryotic Alga, Chlorella

Preparation of protoplasts from Chlorella protothecoides

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