Protoplast induction in Chlorella pyrenoidosa

Protoplast preparation from enriched flagellates and resting cells ofHaematococcus pluvialis

“…A secondary carotenoid, sporopollenin, was thought to be responsible for the indigestibility of the cell walls (Rosen et al . ; Lu et al . ).…”

Preparation of protoplasts from Chlorella protothecoides

“…Protoplast induction for Chlorella species has been reported since 1975, and the enzymatic digestion methods used to get protoplasts have been applied successfully in many species (Braun and Aach 1975;Berliner 1977;Aach et al 1978;Rosen et al 1985;Hatano et al 1992;Urano and Fujii 2000). Even so, due to the complexity of the cell wall structures or chemical composition, protoplast isolation systems were difficult to develop for some species (Yamada and Sakaguchi 1982;Rosen et al 1985).…”

“…Even so, due to the complexity of the cell wall structures or chemical composition, protoplast isolation systems were difficult to develop for some species (Yamada and Sakaguchi 1982;Rosen et al 1985).…”

“…While mutation and selection techniques are conventionally used for strain improvement, genetic manipulations such as protoplast fusion and DNA-mediated transformation are considered to be more effective (Rosen et al 1985). These procedures require the efficient isolation and regeneration of protoplasts.…”

“…Although several methods are available for the release and regeneration of protoplasts from Chlorella, in view of the diversity of Chlorella species, as well as the variations in the cell wall composition, no single method is universally applicable (Braun and Aach 1975;Berliner 1977;Aach et al 1978;Rosen et al 1985;Hatano et al 1992;Urano and Fujii 2000). As for the species Chlorella protothecoides, due to its oil-producing capability, it is receiving increasing attention in recent years (Rosenberg et al 2008;Xiong et al 2010b).…”