Proton spin imaging by nuclear magnetic resonance

Mansfield, P.

doi:10.1080/00107517608219056

Cited by 39 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…During early development of NMR imaging in the 1970s, Mansfield and co-workers explored analogies between scattering amplitudes and NMR signals, and even considered determination of individual nuclear positions from NMR (2)(3)(4)(5)(6), although at the time it was set aside in favor of imaging approaches (6). Structural studies based on mobility developed even earlier by using gradient echo methods (7,8), especially the pulsed-gradient spin echo (PGSE) experiment developed by Stejskal et at.…”

Section: Roperties Of Materials Are Fre-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When statistics are isotropic it reduces to a radial distribution function. As Mansfield recogmzed, the nonlinear processing associated with squaring the signal modulus suppresses signal phase and makes image reconstruction impossible (6). Equation 2 shows, however, that the remaining amplitude-modulated component exiracts statistical information from the ori@ imaging data in a manner analogous to conventional scattering experiments (1 7, 23).…”

Section: Roperties Of Materials Are Fre-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…has been challenged 0 N. J. Risch, Division of Biostatistics, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, and Department of (6). For forensics, the reference population is none of these e h c components is genetical-*To whom correspondence should be addressed.…”

Section: On the Probability Of Matching Dna Fingerprintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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NMR Diffraction and Spatial Statistics of Stationary Systems

Barrall

Frydman

Chingas

1992

Science

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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spatial imaging data may be acquired, processed, and interpreted in ways that provide information directly analogous to diffraction experiments, with length scales determined by gradient strengths rather than radiation wavelengths. This approach, originally considered by Mansfield nearly two decades ago, provides access to autocorrelations of sample density that statistically characterize small-scale density variations. These NMR "Patterson functions" can be acquired orders of magnitude more rapidly than comparably resolved NMR images and are suitable for spatial characterization of small features in bulk samples, such as morphology in structural materials. Unlike hindered diffusion approaches, neither mobility, penetrants, nor transport time are required for examining granularity and porosity.

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Section: Roperties Of Materials Are Fre-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Roperties Of Materials Are Fre-mentioning

confidence: 99%

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NMR Diffraction and Spatial Statistics of Stationary Systems

Barrall

Frydman

Chingas

1992

Science

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“…If now a static gradient is applied along the strip and a free induction decay is recorded, its Fourier transform yields the proton distribution along the strip. The strip may be advanced electronically to scan the defined plane, and the image displayed synchronously on an oscilloscope (Mansfield et 1976; Hins Yet another approach is to apply the principles of 2D Fourier transform n.m.r. spectroscopy to image the defined plane (K um ar et al 1975 a, b ; Brunner sensitive line imaging plane scan direction Figure 4.…”

Section: Ethodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

N.m.r. imaging of intact biological systems

Andrew

1980

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

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Internal images of structured objects may be obtained with n.m.r. by labelling component parts with different magnetic field strengths and therefore recognizably different n.m.r. frequencies. A linear field gradient generates a one-dimensional projection of nuclear density and a variety of techniques are employed to manipulate this one-dimensional probe to yield internal images in two and three dimensions. In the past few years, n.m.r. imaging, sometimes also called zeugmatography or spin mapping, has been applied progressively to provide proton images of small phantoms, fruit, vegetables and small animals, and finally to in vivo imaging of the human body; it promises to provide a valuable means of interior investigation of intact biological systems generally. For medical imaging the method is non-invasive, does not use ionizing radiations, appears to be without hazard and penetrates bony cavities without attenuation. Furthermore, other n.m.r. parameters, for example, relaxation times and fluid flow, may also be mapped; there is evidence that the relaxation times from tumours are significantly longer than those from corresponding normal tissue. Effort to date has mostly been concentrated on proton n.m.r., but some work has been done with other nuclei. Three examples are shown of n.m.r. images of intact biological systems: a fruit, an animal and a human system. The discussion includes the quantitative nature of the images, tissue discrimination, the relation between the resolution in the image and image acquisition time, attenuation and phase shift of the r.f. field in the biological tissue, and magnets suitable for n.m.r. imaging. In principle, all conventional n.m.r. techniques can be combined with n.m.r. methods in order to investigate heterogeneous systems. Overhauser imaging is briefly discussed.

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“…Other approaches to NMR imaging are extensively discussed and reviewed elsewhere (Mansfield, 1976;Brunner and Ernst, 1979;Mansfield and Morris, 1981).…”

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confidence: 99%