Proton Mobility in Water Clusters

Ryding, Mauritz Johan; Andersson, Patrik; Zatula, Alexey S.; Uggerud, Einar

doi:10.1255/ejms.1172

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 47 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…One of the intriguing properties in protons is its mobility, which is higher compared to the other particles. The mobility value of the hydronium ion is 36.23 × 10 −4 cm 2 s −1 V −1 in water solution at 298 K. The abnormal mobility of proton proposes that the proton should transfer by a different mechanism from that used by other ions . It was reported that there are some factors that facilitate the proton transfer such as charge delocalization within the SO 3 − groups, water content, and temperature .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mobility value of the hydronium ion is 36.23 × 10 −4 cm 2 s −1 V −1 in water solution 38,39 at 298 K. The abnormal mobility of proton proposes that the proton should transfer by a different mechanism from that used by other ions. 40 It was reported that there are some factors that facilitate the proton transfer such as charge delocalization within the SO 3 − groups, water content, and temperature. 41 The proton mobility was evaluated using the well-known Nernst-Einstein equation 42,43 and the following relation:…”

Section: Proton Dynamics: Conduction Mechanism and Mobilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Styrene grafted ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE‐g‐PSSA) protonic membranes: Preparation, characterization, and transport mechanism

Abdel-Hamed

2017

Polymers for Advanced Techs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The main goal of the present work is the development of partially fluorinated, low-cost proton exchange membranes. The styrene grafted onto commercial ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE) membranes using solution grafting technique, and after that the membranes were sulfonated. Diluting styrene on ECTFE with a solvent mixture of methanol plus methylene chloride (1:1) was highly effective in promoting the grafting reaction as indicated by the increase in the degree of grafting (DG) to 21.3% compared to other solvents. The DG in ECTFE membranes increased with an increase in the monomer concentration up to 60% and then declined. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis confirmed grafting and sulfonation onto ECTFE films.The maximum value of proton conductivity for ECTFE-g-PSSA film with DG = 21.3% was observed to be 141 mS cm, which is also higher than those of Nafion 212 membrane. Furthermore, the activation energy of ECTFE-g-PSSA membranes was obtained ranging from 8.27 to 9.726 kJ mol −1 . So both proton transport mechanisms (hopping and vehicle) have been commonly accepted. The mobility of the charge carriers calculated from proton conductivity data has robust dependence on the grafting yield and temperature. Moreover, the tensile strength and elongation at break ratio decreases with the increase in DG. The water and methanol uptakes increase up to 0.97% and 30%, respectively, for the highest DG value. Finally, the ECTFE-g-PSSA has lower cost and higher conductivity they could be better used instead of Nafion in direct methanol fuel cells. From the principle of fuel cells, the membrane has to have a good proton conductor, high dielectric constant, low methanol and gas permeability, high chemical balance, and exact mechanical properties.Because of these requirements, only a few membrane sorts are suitable for technical packages. The typically used membrane is Nafion, advanced with the aid of DuPont. Nafion has the greatest interest because of its high proton conductivity with chemical and mechanical stabilities at moderate temperature (<90°C). Despite this, Nafion ® membranes have some disadvantages such as high cost, difficulty in synthesis, and impracticable use at temperatures above 90°C where the membrane would be dry. 4,11 In addition, the high permeability of methanol through Nafion membrane (methanol crossover) leads to unaccepted low cell performance. 4 All these drawbacks combined to limit their commercial application especially in DMFC. Currently, there is much ongoing research for developing membranes with improved The membranes applicability in DMFCs was studied by measuring water and methanol uptakes, tensile strength, and ion exchange capacity (IEC). Measurements of the proton conductivity and mobility of protons at different temperatures were also included. | EXPERIMENTALThe ECTFE film of 80 μm thickness purchased from CS Hyde Company, United States, was used as a polymer matrix. It was washed with methanol and then dried in a vacuum oven at 70°C for 1 hour. The different parameters a...

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Proton Dynamics: Conduction Mechanism and Mobilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Styrene grafted ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE‐g‐PSSA) protonic membranes: Preparation, characterization, and transport mechanism

Abdel-Hamed

2017

Polymers for Advanced Techs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is also the main product for all n below 16 as previously reported. 43 However, exceptionally high branching rations are found for reaction channels producing H + (NH 3 )(pyridine) m (H 2 O) 18 , H + (NH 3 )-(pyridine) m (H 2 O) 20 , and H + (NH 3 )(pyridine) m (H 2 O) 22 , i.e., for the channels producing the magic numbers found in Figures 1 and 2.…”

Section: ■ Computational Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Structural Rearrangements and Magic Numbers in Reactions between Pyridine-Containing Water Clusters and Ammonia

et al. 2012

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Molecular cluster ions H(+)(H(2)O)(n), H(+)(pyridine)(H(2)O)(n), H(+)(pyridine)(2)(H(2)O)(n), and H(+)(NH(3))(pyridine)(H(2)O)(n) (n = 16-27) and their reactions with ammonia have been studied experimentally using a quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Abundance spectra, evaporation spectra, and reaction branching ratios display magic numbers for H(+)(NH(3))(pyridine)(H(2)O)(n) and H(+)(NH(3))(pyridine)(2)(H(2)O)(n) at n = 18, 20, and 27. The reactions between H(+)(pyridine)(m)(H(2)O)(n) and ammonia all seem to involve intracluster proton transfer to ammonia, thus giving clusters of high stability as evident from the loss of several water molecules from the reacting cluster. The pattern of the observed magic numbers suggest that H(+)(NH(3))(pyridine)(H(2)O)(n) have structures consisting of a NH(4)(+)(H(2)O)(n) core with the pyridine molecule hydrogen-bonded to the surface of the core. This is consistent with the results of high-level ab initio calculations of small protonated pyridine/ammonia/water clusters.

show abstract

“…Reactions of ionic water clusters with D 2 O reveal intracluster proton transfer. ,− If proton transfer occurs, D 2 O and H 2 O are in equilibrium with HDO, reaction . normalD 2 normalO + normalH 2 normalO ⇄ proton .25em transfer 2 HDO …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactions of M⁺(H₂O)_n, n < 40, M = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn, with D₂O Reveal Water Activation in Mn⁺(H₂O)_n

Linde

Beyer

2012

J. Phys. Chem. A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Reactions of M(+)(H(2)O)(n), n < 40, M = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn, with D(2)O are studied by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry. Isotopically highly enriched metals are used as applicable. Isotopic scrambling with formation of HDO is not observed for M = Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn, which indicates that these hydrated metal ions consist of a singly charged metal center and a hydration shell of intact, inactivated water molecules. In the vanadium case, HDO formation is observed in the size region where also hydroxide formation with evolution of molecular hydrogen occurs. For manganese, HDO formation occurs in the size regime n ≈ 8-20. Additional experiments show that, in this size regime, Mn(+)(H(2)O)(n) is slowly converted into HMnOH(+)(H(2)O)(n-1) under the influence of room temperature blackbody radiation. The reaction is mildly exothermic; ΔH ≈ -21 ± 10 kJ mol(-1).

show abstract

Proton Mobility in Water Clusters

Cited by 15 publications

References 47 publications

Styrene grafted ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE‐g‐PSSA) protonic membranes: Preparation, characterization, and transport mechanism

Styrene grafted ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE‐g‐PSSA) protonic membranes: Preparation, characterization, and transport mechanism

Structural Rearrangements and Magic Numbers in Reactions between Pyridine-Containing Water Clusters and Ammonia

Reactions of M⁺(H₂O)_n, n < 40, M = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn, with D₂O Reveal Water Activation in Mn⁺(H₂O)_n

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Proton Mobility in Water Clusters

Cited by 15 publications

References 47 publications

Styrene grafted ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE‐g‐PSSA) protonic membranes: Preparation, characterization, and transport mechanism

Styrene grafted ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE‐g‐PSSA) protonic membranes: Preparation, characterization, and transport mechanism

Structural Rearrangements and Magic Numbers in Reactions between Pyridine-Containing Water Clusters and Ammonia

Reactions of M+(H2O)n, n < 40, M = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn, with D2O Reveal Water Activation in Mn+(H2O)n

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Reactions of M⁺(H₂O)_n, n < 40, M = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn, with D₂O Reveal Water Activation in Mn⁺(H₂O)_n