Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) of pons and cerebellum in schizophrenic patients

Higher Levels of Glutamate in the Associative-Striatum of Subjects with Prodromal Symptoms of Schizophrenia and Patients with First-Episode Psychosis

“…Our results in elevated choline containing compounds (GPC + PCh) found in the dorsal caudate of FEP patients agrees with previous reports in patients with schizophrenia (Bustillo et al, 2002;Lutkenhoff et al, 2010), and in childhood-onset schizophrenia (O'Neill et al, 2004). Three previous reports have failed to find differences in choline in the cerebellum of patients with schizophrenia (Eluri et al, 1998;Tibbo et al, 2000;Bustillo et al, 2008).…”

Neurological soft signs discriminating mood disorders from first episode schizophrenia

“…The latter signs are to a large extent dependent on frontal brain regions and it is interesting to note that cognitive tests such as the verbal fluency test, which is impaired in schizophrenia patients (15), combines speech functions with frontal cognitive impairment. Recent studies have also pointed to the role of the cerebellum in cognitive functions (16) and cerebellar dysfunction has already been related to schizophrenia (17, 18) and depression (19). Furthermore the theory of ‘cognitive dysmetria’ (20, 21) associates cognitive dysfunction and impaired motor coordination with cerebellar dysfunction.…”

Contribution of Alcohol Abuse to Cerebellar Volume Deficits in Men With Schizophrenia

“…However, an MR spectroscopy study, although showing N-acetylaspartate-creatine ratio abnormalities in the pons, failed to show them in the cerebellum in patients with schizophrenia. 68 The similarity of the intracranial volume deficits of the schizophrenic and comorbid groups provides converging evidence of the diagnosis of schizophrenia in the patients with alcoholism comorbidity. Abnormal size of intracranial volumes as well as that of midline structures, such as the fourth ventricle, is supportive of neurodevelopmental pathogenesis of schizophrenia.…”

“…The ANOVA examining differences between the control and the alcoholic groups identified gray but not white matter volume deficits in the alcoholic group (Figure 2, top). (1,86) 0.11 (1,86) 0.88 (1,86) 0.01 (1, (1,84) 1.85 (3,252) 0.04 (1,84) 0.75 (3, (1,50) 3.13 (3,150) 0.34 (1,50) 4.28 (3, 3.01 (2,68) 1.62 (6,204) 4.10 (2,68) 3.11 (6,204 A 1-way ANOVA with follow-up Scheffé tests disclosed that the fourth ventricle was significantly larger in the schizophrenic than in the alcoholic group, which did not differ in volume from the control group (F 2,112 =9.47; PϽ.001) (Figure 2, bottom).…”