Proton induced γ-ray yields

PIGE technique implementation at ININ

“…These stopping powers are suggested to be the taken at a weighted energy the assures half the yield in each case; otherwise, they can be approximated further more, by taking these stopping powers at the bombarding energy, and still having a few per cent deviation [2]. In agreement to the stopping power units, the concentrations give at.…”

“…For practical reasons, the yield relation established by formula (2) is further normalized (per steradian) taking into account the solid angle subtended by the gamma detector. Careful compilations of this nature, for many elements, are given in the works of M. J. Kenny et al [2] and Z. Elekes et al [3]. A very important and practical procedure to assess the concentration of an element (isotope) in a sample can be obtained by comparing a given yield with that of a standard.…”

“…For PIGE, the use of protons at 4 MeV energy permits to cover the analysis of many elements, ranging from light elements like Li (Z=3) to medium heavy nuclides up to and around Z=30 (Zn), with important reduced sensitivities for C, N and O, that demand a higher excitation energy for enhancement [1,2]. Whereas, the use of deuterons for PIGE analysis at 2 MeV, based mainly in (d,p), (d,n) and (d,4He) reactions, is very sensitive for some low Z elements, ranging from Li (Z=3) up to K (Z=19), besides being particularly adequate for assessing C, N and O content, through (d,p) reactions [3].…”

Measurements of proton induced γ-ray emission cross sections on MgF2 target in the energy range 1.95–3.05MeV

“…Four other data sets are available but as thick target yields for several selected energies [23][24][25] or as continuum cross section presented only in the graphical form in the original publication [26] but anyway limited to 1.85 MeV proton energy. Comparison of our results with the results from Ref.…”

“…Recently published data [21,22] were measured at the same scattering angle but in different energy range compared to our data. Data base for Mg is even more scarce and mostly contains thick target yields [23][24][25][26]. Apart in the work from Boni et al [20], which was measured at different scattering angle, no differential cross-section data were given.…”