Proton exchange membrane bearing entangled structure: Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)/bismaleimide hyperbranch

Polymers for medical and tissue engineering applications

“…Such additives, however, have not provided a complete solution as the mechanical strength of the polymeric material is quickly compromised owing to the additional lack of binding between PEEK and reinforcement/filler elements . For the purposes of orthopaedic tissue engineering scaffold design, efforts have been focused on developing certain manufacturing methods for PEEK scaffolds such as knitting and braiding, acid‐etching, alkali treatment, anionic oxidation, shot‐blasting, and sulfonation for some modification of its mechanical properties to produce more flexible, deformable, and matrix‐like structures suitable for tissue ingrowth and local mechanics. Tissue anchorage with PEEK materials have been largely achieved through interconnected porous scaffold designs that allow tissue integration in the matrix.…”

Anion exchange membranes based on semi-interpenetrating polymer network of quaternized chitosan and polystyrene

“…Attempts have also been made to develop AEMs by the preparation of chitosan composite membranes with other polymers [19]. With the aim of enhancement of the mechanical strength of the polymer membranes, a technology has been developed to fabricate composite membranes with a structure of so-called semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) [28][29][30][31]. The semi-IPN comprises at least one of the networks, in which one or more linear and branched polymers penetrated on a molecular scale of the macromolecules.…”

“…The semi-IPN comprises at least one of the networks, in which one or more linear and branched polymers penetrated on a molecular scale of the macromolecules. This technique has been used to improve the mechanical properties of the proton-conducting polymer membranes such as Nafion [32], sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) [30], and poly (styrenesulfonic) acid membranes [33]. However, the AEMs based on the concept of semi-IPN are seldom to be reported [28,29].…”

Advances in forward osmosis membranes: Altering the sub-layer structure via recent fabrication and chemical modification approaches

“…Thus, high proton conductivity might be achieved because the water carriers in the membrane were able to hold more protons [109]. Another hydrophilic polymer with high proton conductivity is sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)s (sPEEKs) [156].This probably contributed to high hydrophilicity and high water flux through the membrane. properties, good adsorption capacity, and excellent rejection rate as well as chemical and thermal stability [160].…”