Proton and phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of human bile in hepatopancreaticobiliary cancer

Khan, Shahid A.; Cox, I. Jane; Thillainayagam, Andrew V.; Bansi, Devinder S.; Thomas, Howard; Taylor‐Robinson, Simon D.

doi:10.1097/00042737-200507000-00007

Cited by 45 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The phenomenon was first described in 1946 by Bloch and Purcell. Atoms with an odd mass number such as 1 H, 31 P and 13 C possess the quantum property of ''spin'' and behave as dipoles aligning along the axis of an applied magnetic field (Figure 1). During relaxation following excitation, radiofrequency signals are generated which can be expressed as a frequency spectrum.…”

Section: Nuclear Mrsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The frequency depends on the exact magnetic field strength, so it is usually expressed in dimensionless units (parts per million, ppm), by reference to a specific material; in 1 H MR spectroscopy, this is often water at 4.7 ppm. 1 H and 31 Pare the main nuclei investigated in in vivo clinical MRS, but 13 C, 23 Na and 19 F are also amenable to MRS investigation, if the right equipment exists. Peaks in the MR spectra are also called resonances.…”

Section: Signal Production and Obtaining A Spectrummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[23][24][25] Comprehensive metabolic profiles have been generated from biofluids including urine, serum, bile and intact tissue. 24,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32] …”

Section: In Vitro Metabolic Profilingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…44 Other areas of interest at high magnetic field strength have been in biomarker development for cholangiocarcinoma using bile collected at ERCP, non-invasive serum biomarkers of fibrosis development in chronic hepatitis C and prediction of outcome following an episode of acute liver failure using serum and urine. [45][46][47] All these studies were able to delineate disease-specific metabolic profiles which were clearly different from healthy and/or disease controls. The in vitro MRS technique on body fluid samples has a role both in large-scale population-based screening without specific a priori hypotheses and in demonstrating the response of the individual to therapy.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Principles and Techniques: Lessons for Clinicians

Tognarelli

Dawood

Shariff

et al. 2015

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology

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Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides a non-invasive 'window' on biochemical processes within the body. Its use is no longer restricted to the field of research, with applications in clinical practice increasingly common. MRS can be conducted at high magnetic field strengths (typically 11-14 T) on body fluids, cell extracts and tissue samples, with new developments in whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allowing clinical MRS at the end of a standard MRI examination, obtaining functional information in addition to anatomical information. We discuss the background physics the busy clinician needs to know before considering using the technique as an investigative tool. Some potential applications of hepatic and cerebral MRS in chronic liver disease are also discussed. ( J CLIN EXP HEPATOL 2015;5:320-328) T he biomedical applications of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) are twofold: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). The applications of MRS as a research tool are extremely diverse, encompassing studies on isolated cells, body fluids and perfused organs at high magnetic field strengths in an experimental, laboratory-based setting and also in vivo studies using clinical MR systems. 1 In vivo clinical MRS on whole-body MRI scanners has been used to study the metabolism of well-defined regions of the human body, affording a non-invasive 'metabolic window' on a wide range of biochemical processes in the body, including the composition and function of human organs in vivo. 2 Clinical MRS developments have exploited many of the advances in MRI at the magnetic field strengths now used (typically 1.5-3.0 T) and the use of magnetic field gradients. The sensitivity and spatial resolution of MRS is a limiting factor in vivo, but parallel utilisation of in vitro MR spectroscopy of tissue extracts, body fluids and cell lines at much higher magnetic field strengths (typically 11.7-14.1 T) allows more definitive interpretation of the in vivo data. In this article, we aim to equip the clinician with knowledge of the background physics involved in MRS, so that informed decisions can be made for research studies. NUCLEAR MRSNMR refers to the behaviour of atoms subjected to a magnetic field. The phenomenon was first described in 1946 by Bloch and Purcell. Atoms with an odd mass number such as 1 H, 31 P and 13 C possess the quantum property of ''spin'' and behave as dipoles aligning along the axis of an applied magnetic field (Figure 1). During relaxation following excitation, radiofrequency signals are generated which can be expressed as a frequency spectrum. Hydrogen is the most abundant atom in living organisms and using high power magnetic fields on in vitro samples, high resolution metabolic spectra can be obtained with clearly defined metabolite peaks of small molecules (<2 kDa). NUCLEAR SPIN AND ORIENTATIONSNuclear resonance occurs because the nuclei of at least one of the isotopes of most elements possess a magnetic moment. A magnetic moment arises because the nucleus m...

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Section: Nuclear Mrsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Signal Production and Obtaining A Spectrummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[23][24][25] Comprehensive metabolic profiles have been generated from biofluids including urine, serum, bile and intact tissue. 24,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32] …”

Section: In Vitro Metabolic Profilingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Principles and Techniques: Lessons for Clinicians

Tognarelli

Dawood

Shariff

et al. 2015

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology

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“…Biliary composition of these lipids also varies in cholestatic diseases of the liver and malignancy of the biliary tree. Current applications of MRS in biliary disease include assessment of bile content in cholesterol gallstones, rejection in liver transplantation, primary biliary cirrhosis and biliary tract malignancy, as well in biliary excretion of xenobiotics [64,[66][67][68][69] . MRS has been used to assess the distribution of biliary lipids between vesicles and micelles, which is believed to have a role in gallstone disease, and there is evidence that cholesterol from vesicular aggregates may be responsible for the deposition of cholesterol stones in the gallbladder [70] .…”

Section: Mr Spectroscopy Of Bile In Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Current and future applications ofin vitromagnetic resonance spectroscopy in hepatobiliary disease

Cox

Sharif²,

Cobbold³

et al. 2006

WJG

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Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy allows the study of cellular biochemistry and metabolism, both in the whole body in vivo and at higher magnetic field strengths in vitro . Since the technique is non-invasive and non-selective, magnetic resonance spectroscopy methodologies have been widely applied in biochemistry and medicine. In vitro magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of cells, body fluids and tissues have been used in medical biochemistry to investigate pathophysiological processes and more recently, the technique has been used by physicians to determine disease abnormalities in vivo . This highlighted topic illustrates the potential of in vitro magnetic resonance spectroscopy in studying the hepatobiliary system. The role of in vitro proton and phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the study of malignant and non-malignant liver disease and bile composition studies are discussed, particularly with reference to correlative in vivo whole-body magnetic resonance spectroscopy applications. In summary, magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques can provide non-invasive biochemical information on disease severity and pointers to underlying pathophysiological processes. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy holds potential promise as a screening tool for disease biomarkers, as well as assessing therapeutic response.

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Concentration of Gallbladder Phosphatidylcholine in Cholangiopathies: A Phosphorus‐31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Pilot Study

Pfleger

Halilbasic

Gajdošík

et al. 2021

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Background: Biliary phosphatidylcholine (PtdC) concentration plays a role in the pathogenesis of bile duct diseases. In vivo phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 31 P-MRS) at 7 T offers the possibility to assess this concentration noninvasively with high spectral resolution and signal intensity. Purpose: Comparison of PtdC levels of cholangiopathic patient groups to a control group using a measured T 1 relaxation time of PtdC in healthy subjects. Study Type: Case control. Subjects: Two patient groups with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC, 2f/3 m; age: 43 AE 7 years) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC, 4f/2 m; age: 57 AE 6 years), and a healthy control group (CON, 2f/3 m; age: 38 AE 7 years). Ten healthy subjects for the assessment of the T 1 relaxation time of PtdC. Field Strength/Sequence: A 3D phase-encoded pulse-acquire 31 P-MRSI sequence for PtdC quantification and a 1D image-selected in vivo 31 P spectroscopy for T 1 estimation at 7 T, and a T2-weighted half-Fourier single-shot turbo spin echo MRI sequence for volumetry at 3 T. Assessment: Calculation of gallbladder volumes and PtdC concentration in groups using hepatic gamma-adenosine triphosphate signal as an internal reference and correction for insufficient relaxation of PtdC with a T 1 value assessed in healthy subjects. Statistical Tests: Group comparison of PtdC content and gallbladder volumes of the PSC/PBC and CON group using Student's t-tests with a significance level of 5%. Results: PtdC T 1 value of 357 AE 85 msec in the gallbladder. Significant lower PtdC content for the PSC group, and for the female subgroup of the PBC group compared to the CON group (PSC/CON: 5.74 AE 0.73 mM vs. 9.64 AE 0.97 mM, PBC(f)/ CON: 5.77 AE 1.44 mM vs. 9.64 AE 0.97 mM). Significant higher gallbladder volumes of the patient groups compared to the CON group (PSC/CON: 66.3 AE 15.8 mL vs. 20.9 AE 2.2 mL, PBC/CON: 49.8 AE 18.2 mL vs. 20.9 AE 2.2 mL).Data Conclusion: This study demonstrated the application of a 31 P-MRSI protocol for the quantification of PtdC in the human gallbladder at 7 T. Observed differences in PtdC concentration suggest that this metabolite could serve as a biomarker for specific hepatobiliary disorders. Level of Evidence: 2 Technical Efficacy Stage: 3

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Proton and phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of human bile in hepatopancreaticobiliary cancer

Cited by 45 publications

References 19 publications

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Principles and Techniques: Lessons for Clinicians

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Principles and Techniques: Lessons for Clinicians

Current and future applications ofin vitromagnetic resonance spectroscopy in hepatobiliary disease

Concentration of Gallbladder Phosphatidylcholine in Cholangiopathies: A Phosphorus‐31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Pilot Study

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