Protocol voor meting van ammoniakemissie uit huisvestingssystemen in de veehouderij 2013a = Measurement protocol for ammonia emission from housing systems in livestock production 2013a

Refining a model-based assessment strategy to estimate the ammonia emission from floors in dairy cow houses

“…First, there are new concrete floor, like solid floors with or without slope or gutter(s) (Swierstra et al, 1995;Braam & van den Hoorn, 1996;Braam et al, 1997a,b) and grooved floors (Swierstra et al, , 2001. Recently, floors with all kind of profiles with or without sloped gutters and pit closure methods became available (Tac-Rav, 2016) Reduction effects of these concrete floors are expected and measurements are currently been carried out to assess the effect under practical circumstances, according to the defined protocol (Section 1.1; Ogink et al, 2013). In addition, new types of freestall cow house designs including new types of floors are under development (van Dooren & Galama, 2009).…”

“…been measured in practice according to the prescribed protocol (Ogink et al, 2013). As described in Section 1.1, the protocol results in a large number of full-scale dairy cow house measurements, which takes a lot of time and is expensive.…”

“…However, the currently available information is not sufficient to arrive at accurate estimates of input values that reflect floor and management characteristics of new housing designs. Besides, the model variables are not part of the currently applied protocol (Ogink et al, 2013). The scarcity of information is mainly caused by the complexity to measure required floor and manure storage variables under real cow house conditions.…”

“…However, only a few methods are currently applied in The Netherlands, as indicated by an asterisk (*) (Ogink et al, 2013): NH 3 -converter in combination with a NH 3 -analyser * ; non-dispersive infra-red photometry; hyphenated laser photo acoustics * ; filter pack system; denuder systems * ; gas wash bottle * ; gas detection tube; electrochemical cell; differential optic absorption spectroscopy (DOAS); fourier transform infra red (FTIR); open-pad tune-able diode laser (TDL) (Mosquera et al, 2005a) * ; passive measurement methods * .…”

“…For example, in naturally ventilated buildings an anemometer is not applicable to assess the ventilation rate, in this case a tracer method should be used. However, the prerequisites to apply a tracer method, which needs sufficient extent of difference in gas concentration between inside and outside, may not be met in very open buildings, and its application may lead to unreliable measurements (Ogink et al, 2013).…”