Protocol Solutions for IEEE 802.11bd by Enhancing IEEE 802.11ad to Address Common Technical Challenges Associated With mmWave-Based V2X

Abstract

A multi-gigabit (WiGig) system is designed based on IEEE 802.11ad standards by exploiting millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands to achieve extremely high data rates. IEEE 802.11bd and 3GPP NR V2X are two new specifications for the next-generation vehicle-to-everything (V2X) network with the capability to support mmWave bands. However, mmWave bands could be the solution for the high throughput and low latency. Still, the instability of blockages is a substantial challenge in mmWave bands, rendering mmWave ineffective in vehicular networks. Typically, technologies capable of operating at mmWave bands, such as IEEE 802.11ad, IEEE 802.11bd, NR-V2X, etc., share the same technical limitations due to the mmWave characteristics. Therefore, to achieve the aspirations of next generation connected mmWave V2X vehicles. In this paper, we propose classic, cooperative, and extension protocols for IEEE 802.11bd by enhancing IEEE 802.11ad. The proposed solution aims to mitigate some of the most common technical challenges associated with using mmWave bands in V2X networks, such as beam training overhead, link blockage, and limited coverage range. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach effectively reduces the beam training overhead, overcomes link blockage, increases the probability of line-of-sight (LOS), and extends the coverage range. Further, the proposed enhancement achieves significantly higher performance against the conventional solution and shows more link stability despite continuous changes in vehicle density.

A Comprehensive Study and Analysis of the Third Generation Partnership Project’s 5G New Radio for Vehicle-to-Everything Communication

“…To narrow the performance gap, IEEE 802.11bd [30][31][32] has been developed as the nextgeneration DSRC protocol to improve V2X performance. It allows up to three repetitions per packet, aiming to increase time diversity and enable maximum ratio combining at the receiver, thus improving the probability of correct decoding [32].…”

Hydra Radio Access Network (H-RAN): Multi-Functional Communications and Sensing Networks, Initial Access Implementation, Task-1 Approach

“…Meanwhile, exploring beam pairs smaller than 64 SS blocks during each SS burst or using non-overlapping one-direction beamforming will introduce additional overhead. This is because reducing the number of SS blocks may result in a less accurate alignment, which could lead to longer alignment times or the additional transmission of alignment signals [19]. According to the NR standard, the SS burst duration is set to T ssb = [5] ms.…”

“…Therefore, efforts to simplify and automate beam alignment and beam selection processes are ongoing across the industry, with advancements in algorithms, hardware, and system integration. These efforts aim to make MMW communication systems more accessible, reliable, and cost-effective, paving the way for their widespread deployment in next-generation wireless networks [19]. However, among the several improvements and innovations promised by our previous study on the H-RAN architecture [1], in this paper, we emphasize initial access procedures, particularly beam alignment and selection methods, namely "task 1 " among the many tasks proposed as H-RAN network promising solutions.…”

Vehicular Communications Over OFDM Radar Sensing in the 77 GHz mmWave Band

“…We would go up to a data rate of 80.16 Mbps for a 64-QAM in the same configuration. Decreasing the subcarrier spacing, yielding a higher number of subcarriers, could increase considerably the maximum data rate to multigigabit as required for future V2X expectations [4]. For instance, a 120 kHz subcarrier spacing, which is the maximum subcarrier spacing for C-V2X at mmWave bands [24], leads to a maximum data rate of 8.3 Gbps for a 64-QAM.…”

“…Also, as it is expected that more and more vehicle-to-everything (V2X) data will be exchanged in the future, for instance to share raw perception data, the current cellular vehicle-toeverything (C-V2X) framework will quickly prove insufficient in terms of available bandwidth. Millimeter wave could be the solution to address these challenges [4], as it could provide V2X communication with up to 4 GHz of frequency bandwidth in the 77-81 GHz band. The mutualization of both detection and communication functions into a same component appears to bring many advantages in addition to simplifying the automotive communication architecture and provide a relatively low cost device.…”