Protoceratium reticulatum in northern Japan: environmental factors associated with seasonal occurrence and related contamination of yessotoxin in scallops

Influence of temperature, salinity and nutrient limitation on yessotoxin production and release by the dinoflagellate Protoceratium reticulatum in batch-cultures

“…Such amounts closely resemble those reported for strains from Japan, New Zealand and Norway (Satake et al, 1997a;Samdal et al, 2004;Koike et al, 2006), where high variability among different isolates was found as well.…”

“…Many studies documented the occurrence of dinoflagellate blooms after freshwater inputs following either river discharge or heavy rain falls (Granéli et al, 1986;Paerl et al, 1990;Hallegraeff et al, 1995); recently, a significant correlation between salinity decrease and P. reticulatum blooms in Northern Japan was reported (Koike et al, 2006).…”

Effects of salinity, temperature and nutrients on growth, cellular characteristics and yessotoxin production of Protoceratium reticulatum

“…4), which was detectable in all N-deficient cultures, indicated that those cells were indeed N deficient (Boyer et al, 1987). Beside temperature and nutrient-availability salinity is a factor influencing the growth of P. reticulatum, which is known to grow in a wide range of salinities (Guerrini et al, 2007;Koike et al, 2006). In our experiments the growth of P. reticulatum decreased with lower salinity and is close to zero at salinities underneath a salinity of 15.…”

Accumulation and Depuration of Yessotoxin in Two Bivalves

“…All YTXs mentioned previously were detectable in M. edulis in low concentrations until day 14. These results are in accordance with former studies (MacKenzie et al 1998, MacKenzie et al 2001, Koike et al 2006). In our study, YTX was the dominant analogue only over a short time period; however, after 4 days, the concentration of COOH YTX was higher than the concentration of YTX in M. edulis.…”