Protocatechuic acid: A novel detoxication agent of fumonisin B1 for poultry industry

Abstract

Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a major fusarium mycotoxin that largely contaminates feedstuffs and foods, posing a health risk to both animals and humans. This mycotoxin can enter the human body directly through contaminated food consumption or indirectly by toxins and their metabolites. In a prior study, feed-borne FB1 is one of the leading mycotoxins in breeder eggs, leading to reduced hatchability and gizzard ulceration in chicken progenies. Currently, no effective way is available to remove FB1 from feeds and human-contaminated foods. We hypothesize that FB1 can be reduced to low risk by protocatechuic acid (PCA). To assess the ability of FB1 to be degraded in vivo, 1 ppm of FB1 was treated with PCA, or D-glucose, or silymarin, or anti-FB1 monoclonal antibody. Our study revealed that both D-glucose and PCA exhibited 53.4 and 71.43% degradation, respectively, at 80°C for 2 h, while 35.15% of FB1 detoxification was determined in the silymarin group at 60°C for 0.5 h. A dose-dependent manner was found after treatment with D-glucose or PCA at 80°C for 2 h. As for detoxification of anti-FB1 monoclonal antibody, the 1:3,000 dilution induced significant FB1 detoxification, accounting for 25.9% degradation at 25°C for 2 h. Furthermore, 50 SPF 11-day-old embryonated eggs were divided into 10 groups, with five eggs per group. Post treatment with PCA or D-glucose, or silymarin or anti-FB1 monoclonal antibody, the treated samples were inoculated into albumens and monitored daily until the hatching day. Consequently, 100% of the chickens survived in the D-glucose group and other control groups, except for the FB1 control group, while 80, 80, and 60% hatching rates were found in the PCA-treated group, the anti-FB1 monoclonal antibody-treated group, and the silymarin-treated group. Additionally, both the FB1 group and the silymarin-treated group yielded lower embryo growth than other groups did. Postmortem, lower gizzard ulceration index was determined in the PCA-treated group and the anti-FB1 monoclonal antibody-treated group compared to those of the silymarin-treated group and D-glucose-treated group. Based on the above evidence, PCA is a promising detoxification to reduce FB1 contamination in the poultry industry, contributing to the eradication of mycotoxin residuals in the food chain and maintaining food security for human beings.

A Novel Cost-Effective Nanobody against Fumonisin B1 Contaminations: Efficacy Test in Dairy Milk and Chickens

“…In the present study, a 43.26% detoxifying rate was determined in fresh milk post treatment with 1:2000 concentration of Nb5 concentration. Compared to the anti-FB1 monoclonal antibody, a 25% degradation rate of FB1 was determined post incubation at 25 • C for 2 h in our previous study [25]. Regarding cost-effective detoxification, Nb5 might be a promising detoxifier for combating mycotoxin contamination in the daily milk consumption.…”

Effects of nano-selenium on cecum microbial community and metabolomics in chickens challenged with Ochratoxin A

“…Research utilizing piglets challenged with LPS revealed that protocatechuic acid mitigated oxidative stress, inflammation, intestinal barrier impairment, and gut flora disruption (100). Furthermore, protocatechuic acid demonstrates promise as a detoxifying agent against Fumonisin B1 and AFB1 (101,102). Additionally, upregulation of Daidzein, Liquiritigenin, and Naringenin within the OTA-Se group was observed, enhancing Isoflavonoid biosynthesis and Flavonoid biosynthesis.…”

“…Research utilizing piglets challenged with LPS revealed that protocatechuic acid mitigated oxidative stress, inflammation, intestinal barrier impairment, and gut flora disruption ( 100 ). Furthermore, protocatechuic acid demonstrates promise as a detoxifying agent against Fumonisin B1 and AFB1 ( 101 , 102 ).…”

Pathogenesis of Gizzard Erosion and Ulcerations and Comprehensive Control Strategy in Poultry

“…A study reported severely impaired feed intake and growth of chickens and decrease in feed consumption and average body weight gain up to 12% and 14%, respectively during GEU development (Wang et al 2021). In a recent report, protocatechuic acid (PCA), a naturally occurring phenolic compound, increased the hatchability and decreased GEU of chicks caused by FB1-contaminated corn and feed (Wang et al 2022). Furthermore, PCA exhibited significant antimicrobials against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and fungi.…”

“…Furthermore, PCA exhibited significant antimicrobials against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. It also improves humoral and cellular immune responses, suggesting a prospective usage in poultry industry (Guo et al 2018;Wang et al 2022).…”