Proterozoic geology and regional correlation of the Ghanzi-Makunda area, western Botswana

Baddeleyite U–Pb ages and gechemistry of the 1875–1835 Ma Black Hills Dyke Swarm across north-eastern South Africa: part of a trans-Kalahari Craton back-arc setting?

“…A felsic lavas that probably are c. 2.2-2.0 Ga, followed by deformation and metamorphism along the Magondi Belt at c. 2.00-1.97 Ga (e.g., Master et al 2010). The Magondi Belt has been correlated with 2055-2057 Ma orthogneisses and meta-rhyolites of the Okwa Basement farther to the south-west (Ramokate et al 2000;Mapeo et al 2006).…”

“…Even though Moen and Armstrong (2008) argue that the Kheis Belt was deformed during a much younger Namaqua Orogeny, a coeval (Palaeoproterozoic) active margin along the north-western margin of the proto-Kalahari Craton is supported by U-Pb dating on detrital zircons found in sedimentary units, yielding ages of (1) c. 1.85 Ga in the upper Soutpansberg basin (Dorland 2004), (2) 1887 ± 14 Ma in the Okwa Group in Botswana (Ramokate et al 2000), (3) 1858 ± 14 Ma in the Palapye Group in northern Kaapvaal Craton (Mapeo et al 2004) and (4) c. 1.87 Ga in the Billstein Quartzite of the Rehoboth Province (Van Schijndel et al 2011). We prefer to view these results as indicative of Palaeoproterozoic silicic rocks having formed along the western and northern Kaapvaal Craton margin, contemporaneous with the emplacement of a more inland proto-Kalahari Craton "Mashonaland-Soutpansberg" (± "Hartley") igneous province.…”

Evolution of the Namaqua-Natal Belt, southern Africa – A geochronological and isotope geochemical review

“…Duane and Kruger, 1991;. The domain has been further linked to 2 Ga granitoids in the Okwa fragment of Botswana (Ramokate et al, 2000) and to the Magondi Belt of north-west Zimbabwe (Stowe, 1989). Dating of the 1.98 Ga Hurungwe granite, which post-dates granulitegrade metamorphism in the Magondi Belt, shows that this metamorphism occurred prior to extrusion of the Hartley Formation basalts of the Olifantshoek Supergroup, hence correlation of the Olifantshoek and Magondi successions is not appropriate (McCourt et al, 2000b).…”

Mesoproterozoic intraplate magmatism in the Kalahari Craton: A review

“…Attempts to extract zircon from the lavas have been unsuccessful. Ramokate et al (2000) obtained SHRIMP 207 Pb/ 206 Pb dates of ca. 1887-579 Ma for detrital zircons in Neoproterozoic siliciclastic strata overlying the Hanahai felsites.…”