Proteomics of Human Aqueous Humor

Abstract

The aqueous humor is a colorless, transparent fluid that fills the anterior chamber of the eye. It plays an important role in maintaining the intraocular pressure and providing nourishment to the lens and cornea. The constitution of the aqueous humor is controlled by the blood-aqueous barrier. Though this ocular fluid has been extensively studied, its role in ocular physiology is still not completely understood. In this study, aqueous humor samples were collected from 250 patients undergoing cataract surgery, subjected to multiple fractionation strategies and analyzed on a Fourier transform LTQ-Orbitrap Velos mass spectrometer. In all, we identified 763 proteins, of which 386 have been identified for the first time in this study. Sorbitol dehydrogenase (SORD), filensin (BFSP1), and phakinin (BFSP2) are some of the proteins that have not been previously reported in the aqueous humor. Gene Ontology analysis revealed 35% of the identified proteins to be extracellular, with a majority of them involved in cell communication and signal transduction. This study comprehensively reports 386 novel proteins that have important potential as biomarker candidates for future research into personalized medicine and diagnostics aimed towards improving visual health.

Morgagnian cataract resulting from a naturally occurring nonsense mutation elucidates a role of CPAMD8 in mammalian lens development

“…Due to our observation of CPAMD8 in the non-pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body of healthy cattle, we assume that the CPAMD8 protein is usually secreted into the aqueous humor in the physiological state. This is supported by previous reports of CPAMD8 protein in human ciliary body [27] and aqueous humor [28–30]. To the best of our knowledge there have been no reports about defects of any other ciliary body proteins causing cataracts so far.…”

Responding to a Zoonotic Emergency with Multi-omics Research:Pentatrichomonas hominisHydrogenosomal Protein Characterization with Use of RNA Sequencing and Proteomics

“…Multi-omics research and proteomics field in particular are rapidly developing frontiers in systems biology and postgenomics medicine (Murthy et al, 2015). In the present study, the mRNAs of the majority of T. vaginalis hydrogenosome components were found in RNA-seq data sets.…”

Characterization of the human aqueous humour proteome: A comparison of the genders

“…[13]. Nevertheless, in total 86% of the proteins identified in this study, representing the core proteome of AH, were also identified in previous studies as follows, 65% [2], 50% [1], 61% [5], 66% [79], 73% [13] and 78% [12] (complete data in Table F in S1 File). The characterization of AH proteins in this study also demonstrated that the identified proteins can be clustered into major biological processes, which included the defence, immune and inflammatory responses.…”

“…Generally, these most abundant proteins present in the AH are usually subjected to depletion prior to proteomics analysis to enhance the detection of low abundance proteins to map the protein fingerprints in healthy (cataract) samples and also to find the alterations associated with particular ocular pathologies. [1, 2, 10, 17, 79]. The AH protein-protein interactions analysis from this study provide added evidence that the removal of these abundant proteins might change the composition of interacting protein partners that are bound to them and thereby, alter the innate proteome for further analysis.…”

“…[13, 17]. Generally, the total number of identified AH proteins were 71 [80], 54 [10], 355 [2], 137 [9], 81 [17], 198 [1], 445 [5], 242 [14], 269 [13], 763 [79] and as many as 819 [12]. The direct comparison of the 147 AH proteins identified from this study with previous study are challenging due to the different database search criteria, as described by Kliuchnikova et al .…”