“…These metabolic changes lead to the accumulation of different proteins and secondary metabolites in the xylem sap. Some of the proteins and secondary metabolites that accumulate in the xylem sap during xylem colonization include PR-1, PR-2, PR-3, PR-4, PR-5, peroxidases, proteases, xyloglucan-endotransglycosylase (XET), and xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase inhibitor protein (XEGIP), phenols, phytoalexins, and lignin-like compounds (Cooper et al, 1996; Hilaire et al, 2001; Rep et al, 2002,2003; Williams et al, 2002; Houterman et al, 2007; Basha et al, 2010; Gayoso et al, 2010). These compounds are known to contribute directly or indirectly to plant defense.…”