Proteomics approach combined with biochemical attributes to elucidate compatible and incompatible plant-virus interactions between Vigna mungo and Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus

Abstract

BackgroundVigna mungo, a tropical leguminous plant, highly susceptible to yellow mosaic disease caused by Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus (MYMIV) resulting in high yield penalty. The molecular events occurring during compatible and incompatible interactions between V. mungo and MYMIV pathosystem are yet to be explored. In this study biochemical analyses in conjunction with proteomics of MYMIV-susceptible and -resistant V. mungo genotypes were executed to get an insight in the molecular events during compatible and incompatible plant-virus interactions.ResultsBiochemical analysis revealed an increase in phenolics, hydrogen peroxide and carbohydrate contents in both compatible and incompatible interactions; but the magnitudes were higher during incompatible interaction. In the resistant genotype the activities of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase increased significantly, while catalase activity decreased. Comparative proteome analyses using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry identified 109 differentially abundant proteins at 3, 7 and 14 days post MYMIV-inoculation. Proteins of several functional categories were differentially changed in abundance during both compatible and incompatible interactions. Among these, photosynthesis related proteins were mostly affected in the susceptible genotype resulting in reduced photosynthesis rate under MYMIV-stress. Differential intensities of chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll contents are in congruence with proteomics data. It was revealed that Photosystem II electron transports are the primary targets of MYMIV during pathogenesis. Quantitative real time PCR analyses of selected genes corroborates with respective protein abundance during incompatible interaction. The network of various cellular pathways that are involved in inducing defense response contains several conglomerated cores of nodal proteins, of which ascorbate peroxidase, rubisco activase and serine/glycine hydroxymethyl transferase are the three major hubs with high connectivity. These nodal proteins play the crucial role of key regulators in bringing about a coordinated defense response in highly orchestrated manner.ConclusionsBiochemical and proteomic analyses revealed early accumulation of the defense/stress related proteins involved in ROS metabolism during incompatible interaction. The robustness in induction of defense/stress and signal transduction related proteins is the key factor in inducing resistance. The mechanism of MYMIV-resistance in V. mungo involves redirection of carbohydrate flux towards pentose phosphate pathway. Some of these identified, differentially regulated proteins are also conferring abiotic stress responses illustrating harmony amongst different stress responses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the lone study deciphering differential regulations of V. mungo leaf proteome upon MYMIV infection elucidating the mode of resistance response at the biochemical level.

Chloroplast Proteome of Nicotiana benthamiana Infected by Tomato Blistering Mosaic Virus

“…The cytopathic effect of the ToBMV on the host cell organelles involves chloroplast deformation and the induction of vesicles on its periphery. In general, it is well known that plant viral infection affects plant chloroplasts causing the reduction of several chloroplastic proteins [16,[23][24][25][26][27]. In this study, as expected, these proteins were, indeed, decreased in infected plants when compared to control plants, such as a Sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (spot 130; Table 1; Fig.…”

Next generation sequencing and proteomics in plant virology: how is Colombia doing?

“…In plant virology, as described above, it should be taken into account that viruses encode small proteomes (1-2500 proteins) and that the proteomes of viruses and plants are determined by the virus-host protein interaction, wherein the virus focuses on ensuring its infective replication and the plant focuses on blocking the virus infection. Plant responses to virus infections are speedy, and a drastic change in the protein accumulation is triggered in the whole plant, this protein accumulation provides the crucial clues to understand the plant-virus interaction and the resistance mechanisms to the virus infection (Kundu et al, 2013;Varela et al, 2017;Souza et al, 2019). On the other hand, leaves are a principal organ for studying plant-virus interactions, because these generally exhibit necrotic patches or morphological variations that allows to visually detect the first infection symptoms (Di Carli et al, 2010;Kundu et al, 2013;Varela et al, 2017;Souza et al, 2019).…”

“…Plant responses to virus infections are speedy, and a drastic change in the protein accumulation is triggered in the whole plant, this protein accumulation provides the crucial clues to understand the plant-virus interaction and the resistance mechanisms to the virus infection (Kundu et al, 2013;Varela et al, 2017;Souza et al, 2019). On the other hand, leaves are a principal organ for studying plant-virus interactions, because these generally exhibit necrotic patches or morphological variations that allows to visually detect the first infection symptoms (Di Carli et al, 2010;Kundu et al, 2013;Varela et al, 2017;Souza et al, 2019). However, not always symptoms are evident, what makes then even more necessary the implementation of reliable and specific techniques, such as proteomics to assess the protein levels and interactions under such conditions (Mochida and Shinozaki, 2011;Mosa et al, 2017).…”

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“…SA signalling is known to be activated in several biotic and abiotic stresses, viz. heat stress (Dat et al 1998), chilling damage (Kang and Saltveit 2001), heavy metal stress (Metwally et al 2003), drought stress (Bezrukova et al 2001) and biotic stress (Kundu et al 2011(Kundu et al , 2012(Kundu et al , 2013a. Proteomic study of V. mungo plants has revealed an array of interacting metabolic pathways that are involved in conferring tolerance to MYMIV (Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus) and most importantly indicate presence of extensive crosstalk between biotic and abiotic stress responses (Kundu et al 2011(Kundu et al , 2013b.…”