Proteomics and peptidomics: moving toward precision medicine in urological malignancies

Abstract

Urological malignancies are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Advances in early detection, diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of treatment response can significantly improve patient care. Proteomic and peptidomic profiling studies are at the centre of kidney, prostate and bladder cancer biomarker discovery and have shown great promise for improved clinical assessment. Mass spectrometry (MS) is the most widely employed method for proteomic and peptidomic analyses. A number of MS platforms have been developed to facilitate accurate identification of clinically relevant markers in various complex biological samples including tissue, urine and blood. Furthermore, protein profiling studies have been instrumental in the successful introduction of several diagnostic multimarker tests into the clinic. In this review, we will provide a brief overview of high-throughput technologies for protein and peptide based biomarker discovery. We will also examine the current state of kidney, prostate and bladder cancer biomarker research as well as review the journey toward successful clinical implementation.

Searching for prognostic biomarkers for small renal masses in the urinary proteome

“…Proteomics has emerged as a promising tool for noninvasive cancer biomarker discovery. Proteomic profiling allows for improved detection and identification of novel therapeutic targets . In our study, we investigated the ability of urinary proteins to distinguish early‐stage clear cell tumors (SRMs; pT1a, ≤4 cm) from healthy controls and renal oncocytoma (≤4 cm).…”

“…Proteomic profiling has led to the discovery of clinically relevant biomarkers. High‐resolution mass spectrometry provides a valuable platform for proteomic analysis . Several reports have demonstrated the utility of proteomic profiling in RCC.…”

Urinary Peptidomic Biomarkers in Kidney Diseases

“…In contrast to proteomics, that pursues the identification of proteins through the analysis of proteolityc peptides obtained upon enzymatic digestion (bottom up) or entire proteins (top down), peptidomics analysis implies the characterization of the complete collection of naturally occurring peptides present in the sample without any preventive protein digestion. Pros and cons can be defined for both these approaches [11].…”

Recent developments and applications of capillary and microchip electrophoresis in proteomics and peptidomics (2015–mid 2018)

“…One of the main aims of clinical proteomics and peptidomics is to identify proteins and/or peptides that are directly related to disease initiation, progression, prognosis, or response to therapy . Both proteomic and peptidomic strategies have proven to be useful in biomarker discovery . Employment of various biological fluids (e.g.…”