Proteomics and Metabolomics Reveal the Regulatory Pathways of Ripening and Quality in Post-Harvest Kiwifruits

Abstract

Understanding the metabolic modulation of major quality traits during ripening is critical for fruit quality improvement in kiwifruits. Here, integrated proteomic and metabolomic profiling was undertaken to comprehensively examine the dynamics of kiwifruit ripening. This data set presents a global view of the critical pathways involved in fruit ripening, and the contributions of key events to the regulation of kiwifruit ripening and softening, amino acid metabolism, balance in sugar accumulation and organic acid metabolism, glycolysis, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) pathways were discussed. We suggested key enzymes for starch synthesis and degradation, including AGPase, SS, and SBE, especially for BMY, which was considered a key enzyme for starch degradation. In addition, our analysis implicated the key enzymes ACO4 and ACS9 in ethylene synthesis and the aspartate aminotransferase ASP3 in the conversion of amino acids. These results provide new insights into the modulation of fruit ripening, metabolism, and quality in post-harvest kiwifruits.

Integrative Morphological, Physiological, Proteomics Analyses of Jujube Fruit Development Provide Insights Into Fruit Quality Domestication From Wild Jujube to Cultivated Jujube

“…The enzyme was extracted from the fruit flesh tissue and activities of the acid invertase (AI), neutral invertase (NI), sucrose synthase (SS), and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) were determined as described in Hubbard et al (1989) . Amylase activity determination was performed according to ( Tian et al, 2021 ). Citrate synthase, Cytoplasm-Aconitase (Cyt-ACO), Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-Malate dehydrogenase (NAD-MDH), and NADP-Malic enzyme (NADP-ME) were extracted and determined as described in Hirai and Ueno (1977) .…”

“…Although previous studies have characterized jujube fruit development and taste at the genomics and transcriptional levels, it is not sufficient to describe the molecular mechanisms underlying fruit expansion and taste development due to the wider dynamic range in protein than in transcript abundance and poor correlations between messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels. Recent advances in liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS)-based high-throughput proteomics technologies have made it feasible to identify a large number of proteins in the tissues, organs, and cells to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of fruit development and ripening in fruit species ( Palma et al, 2011 ), such as apple ( Li et al, 2016 ), citrus ( Katz et al, 2011 ), pear ( Wu et al, 2014 ), and kiwifruit ( Tian et al, 2021 ). In these studies, several key steps in controlling sugars/acids accumulation, fruit ripening, and flavor development were identified, deepening the understanding of the biological progress of fruit development.…”

Role of integrated omics in unravelling fruit stress and defence responses during postharvest: A review

“…However, multi-omics and integrated approach is required for detailed mechanistic understanding of key aspects of postharvest treatments and storage on fruit. In this regard, the multi-omics approach was reported for ‘Feizixiao’ litchi fruit by Guo et al (2022 , for ‘Jingtian No.3′ green bell pepper by Fu et al (2022) , for ‘Hayward’ Kiwifruit fruit by Tian et al (2021) , and for apple by Yan et al (2022). These studies provided detailed insight into the molecular mechanism related to the changes in fruit quality.…”

“…Feizixiao) Room temperature storage TOs, POs, & MOs TOs and POs – DEGs DEPs, GO and KEGG pathway MOs – PLS-DA model and HCA Most of DEGs, DEPs and DEMs related to sugar and carbohydrate metabolic pathways were downregulated Most of the DEGs, DEPs, and DEMs related to ‘pentose phosphate pathway, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism were down regulated Gu et al, 2021 Kiwifruit (cv. Hayward) Storage condition (room temperature for 26 day) POs & MOs One way ANOVA and KEGG pathway 71 DEPs identified as hormone -related protein that involve in ethylene synthesis, ethylene induced regulated responsive activated (IRRA) pathway, auxin IRRA pathway, abscisic acid IRRA pathway, jasmonate systhesis, degradation pathway and metabolism regulation Tian et al (2021) Purple passion fruit (cv. Tainong1) TOs & MOs PCA, POLS-DA 295 unigenes identified involved in DE flavonoid Higher synthesis of flavonoids during ripening, regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway Xin et al, 2021 Pear (Zaoshu Shanli) Storage (25 °C, 18 days) TOs & MOs PCA, KEGG, DEGs Glycerophospholipid linked to the postharvest pear softening Glycerophospholipid metabolism and gene associated glycerophospholipid metabolism was the most enriched pathway in metabolite and gene DEGs analysis, respectively Xu et al, 2021b Table grape (cv.…”

“…Detail analysis on the effects of ethylene on the postharvest quality and stress response of fruit was summarized by Ansari and Tuteja (2015). Several studies reported the integration of two or more omics techniques to identify the key player of fruit senescence during postharvest treatment and storage ( Li et al, 2019 , Li et al, 2019 , Li et al, 2019 , Tian et al, 2021 , Yun et al, 2019 ).…”