Proteomic response of Trichoderma aggressivum f. europaeum to Agaricus bisporus tissue and mushroom compost

Abstract

a b s t r a c tA cellular proteomic analysis was performed on Trichoderma aggressivum f. europaeum.Thirty-four individual protein spots were excised from 2-D electropherograms and analysed by ESI-Trap Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS). Searches of the NCBInr and SwissProt protein databases identified functions for 31 of these proteins based on sequence homology. A differential expression study was performed on the intracellular fraction of T. aggressivum f. europaeum grown in media containing Agaricus bisporus tissue and Phase 3 mushroom compost compared to a control medium. Differential expression was observed for seven proteins, three of which were upregulated in both treatments, two were down regulated in both treatments and two showed qualitatively different regulation under the two treatments. No proteins directly relating to fungal cell wall degradation or other mycoparasitic activity were observed. Functions of differentially produced intracellular proteins included oxidative stress tolerance, cytoskeletal structure, and cell longevity. Differential production of these proteins may contribute to the growth of T. aggressivum in mushroom compost and its virulence toward A. bisporus.

Genetic dissection of heat-responsive physiological traits to improve adaptation and increase yield potential in soft winter wheat

“…This protein was found to be over expressed upon high temperature stress in bread wheat [61]. We found several other MTAs whose annotations suggest different roles including abiotic stress response (BTB/POZ and MATH domain-containing protein 2), senescence (Maintenance of telomere capping protein 2, Protein Phosphatase 2C) and salinity stress (Peptidase M50 family protein) [62][63][64].…”

Biological Control of Fungal Diseases by Trichoderma aggressivum f. europaeum and Its Compatibility with Fungicides

“…Its most successful mechanism of action is its competitive tolerance to the inhibitory effect of numerous bacteria and fungi, which accounts for its rapid growth and sporulation [52,53], although T. aggressivum can be considered a mycopathogen given its effect on A. bisporus hyphae, as well as its induction of an oxidative stress response [54]. O'Brien et al [55] reported a change in the production of intracellular proteins in the presence of A. bisporus directly related to stress tolerance, cell signalling, longevity, and structure. These functions may be part of the capability of T. aggressivum to displace A. bisporus and to decrease mushroom performance.…”

Penicillium hermansii, a new species causing smoky mould in white button mushroom production

“…Competitive moulds from spawn-run compost can have devastating effects on production levels. An important and wellknown example is Trichoderma aggressivum and much research is performed on this species (Kosanovic et al 2015;O'Brien et al 2014;O'Brien et al 2017;Radvanyi et al 2016). Another less commonly and poorly documented competing contaminant is known as 'smoky mould', which is capable of wiping out a complete crop (Fletcher and Gaze 2008;Grogan and Harvey 1999;Grogan et al 2000).…”