Proteomic profile, biological activities and antigenic analysis of the venom from Bothriopsis bilineata smaragdina (“loro machaco”), a pitviper snake from Peru

VIABILITY OF VERO E6 CELLS EXPOSED TO THE Bothrops leucurus SNAKE CRUDE VENOM

“…In a study conducted with ISSN: 2318-356X V.6 N.3 SET/DEZ 2018 Montivipera xanthina, another snake of the Viperidae family, the authors did not find a cytotoxic effect on VERO cells, even at high venom concentrations (YALCIN et al, 2014). In a recent study with the action of Bothriopsis bilineata smaragdina venom (BbsV) on VERO cells, the authors verified cytotoxic effect only from high concentrations, suggesting that this venom appears to be less toxic for this cell line (RODRIGUES et al, 2018).…”

Bothrops bilineatus: An Arboreal Pitviper in the Amazon and Atlantic Forest

“…Only a few reports on the characterization of B. bilineatus venom-derived components are available. However, two recent venomics studies have been published, and contributed with important evidence about the composition of venom from B. bilineatus subspecies bilineatus and smaragdinus ( 83 , 84 ). The authors analyzed samples of pooled venoms from Peruvian B. b. smaragdinus specimens, and also pooled venoms of two B. b. smaragdinus specimens originally from Rondonia state, Brazil, and the venom from a single specimen of B. b. bilineatus from Rondonia state that had been kept frozen and crystalized for more than 10 years.…”

“…Snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) were the most abundant toxins with the predominance of the PIII-class; snake venom serine proteinases (SVSP), C-type lectin-like proteins (CTL), phospholipases A2 (PLA2), cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISP), and L-amino acid oxidases (LAAO) were also detected in all samples, representing the major components of their venom proteomes. Bradykinin-potentiating-like peptides (BPPs) and the tripeptide inhibitors of SVMPs were also abundant in the three samples analyzed in one of the studies ( 83 , 84 ). Snake venom vascular endothelial growth factor, nerve growth factor, 5′-nucleotidase, phosphodiesterase, phospholipase B, and others were also detected in minor amounts in venom samples ( 83 , 84 ).…”

“…Bradykinin-potentiating-like peptides (BPPs) and the tripeptide inhibitors of SVMPs were also abundant in the three samples analyzed in one of the studies ( 83 , 84 ). Snake venom vascular endothelial growth factor, nerve growth factor, 5′-nucleotidase, phosphodiesterase, phospholipase B, and others were also detected in minor amounts in venom samples ( 83 , 84 ). The relative abundance and differences of the major protein families in these venoms are represented in Table 2 .…”

“…In the venoms, the two predominant forms are SVMPs from P-I and P-III classes and they are the major toxins in venoms from most species of Bothrops snakes ( 86 ). Accordingly, in B. bilineatus spp, the major toxin group was the SVMPs ( 83 , 84 ), particularly of the PIII-class ( 83 ). These enzymes contain catalytic, disintegrin-like, and cysteine-rich domains.…”