Proteomic and metabonomic biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma: a comprehensive review

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks third in overall global cancer-related mortality. Symptomatic presentation often means advanced disease where potentially curative treatment options become very limited. Numerous international guidelines propose the routine monitoring of those with the highest risk factors for the condition in order to diagnose potential tumourigenesis early. To aid this, the fields of metabonomic- and proteomic-based biomarker discovery have applied advanced tools to identify early changes in protein and metabolite expression in HCC patients vs controls. With robust validation, it is anticipated that from these candidates will rise a high-performance non-invasive test able to diagnose early HCC and related conditions. This review gathers the numerous markers proposed by studies using mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and evaluates areas of consistency as well as discordance.

Ultra-filtration of human serum for improved quantitative analysis of low molecular weight biomarkers using ATR-IR spectroscopy

“…This is further supported by recent associations of pathological conditions with small protein and peptide profiles in serum, notably for diabetes 8 , cardiovascular or infectious diseases 9 . The number of studies related to serum proteomics, peptidomics or metabololics has literary exploded in the literature, complex analytical techniques such as chromatography and/or mass spectroscopy being the reference tools 10,11 . Quite naturally, vibrational spectroscopy, which has been widely employed in biomedical analysis, from tissue sections 12,13 to single cells 14,15 with a well demonstrated potential for diagnosis 16,17 , has the capability to become the next generation gold standard tool for serum based patient screening [18][19][20] .…”

Nmr Metabolomics of Renal Cancer: an Overview

“…Cancer -general Analytical tools, sample types and perturbed metabolic pathways [20] HRMAS NMR of tissues [21] Bioinformatic tools [22] General [23] NMR of biofluids [24] MS of biofluids and tissues [25] General [26] Metabolic markers of different cancer types [27] Bladder cancer Metabolomics workflow and perturbed metabolic pathways [28] Breast cancer Potential of metabolomics for staging, subtyping and grading [29] Colorectal cancer Metabolomics workflow, altered metabolites and potential clinical applications [30,31] Liver cancer Possible metabolic markers [32,33] Lung cancer Metabolic variations in biofluids [34] Pancreatic cancer Metabolic variations in biofluids and tissues [35] Prostate cancer NMR and MRS imaging in clinical applications [36] Metabolomic MRS and MS imaging [37] NMR of biofluids and tissues [38] HRMAS NMR of tissues [39] Renal cancer General [12] Thyroid cancer General [40] HRMAS: High-resolution magic angle spinning; MRS: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy.…”

“…Either NMR-or MS-based, the metabolomics approach has found a wide scope of applications in disease research and, in particular, in cancer research, since altered metabolism is a recognized important cancer hallmark [18,19], with cancer cells exhibiting a distinct metabolic behavior to normal cells and impacting on systemic metabolism. The significant increase in the number of reports on cancer metabolomics, in recent years, is illustrated by many recent reviews, either generally addressing cancer research [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] or dedicated to a specific cancer type (Table 1) [12,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. This reflects the recognized importance of assessing metabolic changes related to tumor onset and progression as part of a novel biomarkers discovery avenue toward improved methodologies for cancer detection and monitoring.…”

Involvement of microRNA-718, a new regulator of EGR3, in regulation of malignant phenotype of HCC cells

“…Men are more susceptible to HCC than women and it is a leading cause of cancer-related death of men around the world (Fong and Tanabe, 2014;Kimhofer et al, 2015). The onset and progress of HCC are not evident, and thus most HCC cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage, which may mean that they are not then suitable for surgical resection.…”