Proteomic Analysis Reveals Nitric Oxide Functions in Promoting Etiolated Barley Seedlings Greening

Abstract

Light-mediated greening is one of the most dramatic developmental processes in crops. Nitric oxide (No), a signaling molecule, plays a critical role in crop growth and development. In this study, sodium nitroprusside (SNp), an No donor, was found to significantly increase the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic activity during greening of etiolated barley seedlings. Improved chloroplast development was also observed. To better understand the promotion mechanism of No in greening, differentially expressed proteins from barley seedlings with and without SNp treatment were investigated by proteomic analysis. Among more than 1000 protein spots separated, 85 of them were significantly changed by SNp treatment. Fifteen of these 85 protein spots were identified to be related to photosynthesis. In addition, a set of proteins, which are associated with metabolism, energy production and conversion, defense and development, signal transduction, hormones, transcription, and post-translation modification were also regulated by No. Taken together, these results reveal a comprehensive protein network regulated by No in greening and facilitate the understanding of No signaling in greening of etiolated plants.

Exogenously Applied Nitric Oxide Enhances the Drought Tolerance in Hulless Barley

“…2a, b, c, d). Furthermore, Chen et al (2014) reported that NO contributed to the greening of etiolated barley seedling through increasing chlorophyll content, enhancing Pn and photochemical quantum yield of PSII, as well as promoting the development of thylakoid membranes. NO application increased Pn under drought stress which might be associated with the contents of photosynthetic pigments increased by NO treatment (Cao et al, 2011).…”

Nitric Oxide, Ethylene, and Auxin Cross Talk Mediates Greening and Plastid Development in Deetiolating Tomato Seedlings

“…In wild-type seedlings of grasses such as wheat (Beligni and Lamattina, 2000) and barley (Hordeum vulgare; Zhang et al, 2006;Liu et al, 2013;Chen et al, 2014), the positive influence of NO on seedling greening has been demonstrated by the increment in chlorophyll content upon the application of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO donor. However, in wild-type tomato seedlings, no alterations were observed after NO fumigation (Supplemental Fig.…”

Preharvest Application of Sodium Nitroprusside Alleviates Yellowing of Chinese Flowering Cabbage via Modulating Chlorophyll Metabolism and Suppressing ROS Accumulation

“…30 SNP treatment was found to substantially increase chlorophyll content by modulating photosynthesis-related proteins during the greening of etiolated barley seedlings. 31 However, few studies have explored the regulation of chlorophyll metabolism by SNP in postharvest leafy vegetables. The results showed that SNPinduced DEPs were involved in chlorophyll metabolism pathways (Figure 2C−F).…”

“…Chlorophyll synthesis is a key process in maintaining chlorophyll content in leaves, and this process can be detected until the last stage of leaf senescence . SNP treatment was found to substantially increase chlorophyll content by modulating photosynthesis-related proteins during the greening of etiolated barley seedlings . However, few studies have explored the regulation of chlorophyll metabolism by SNP in postharvest leafy vegetables.…”