Proteomic Analysis on the Alteration of Protein Expression in the Placental Villous Tissue of Early Pregnancy Loss

Abstract

Early pregnancy loss is the most common complication of human reproduction. Given the complexities of early development, it is likely that many mechanisms are involved. Knowledge of differences in protein expression in parallel profiling is essential to understand the comprehensive pathophysiological mechanism underlying early pregnancy loss. To identify proteins with different expression profiles related to early pregnancy loss, we applied a proteomic approach and performed two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) on six placental villous tissues from patients with early pregnancy loss and six from normal pregnant women, followed by comparison of the silver-stained 2-DE profiles. It was found that 13 proteins were downregulated and 5 proteins were upregulated significantly (P < 0.05) in early pregnancy loss as determined by spot volume. Among them, 10 downregulated and 2 upregulated spots were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anomalies of these proteins, including three principal antioxidant enzymes (copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase, peroxiredoxin 3, and thioredoxin-like 1 protein), S100 calcium binding protein, galectin-1, chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 1, transthyretin, fas inhibitory molecule, eukaryotic translation elongation factor, RNA-binding protein, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2N, and proteasome beta-subunit, indicate widespread failure in cell regulations and processes such as antioxidative defense, differentiation, cell proliferation, metabolism, apoptosis, transcription, and proteolysis in early pregnancy loss. This study has identified several proteins that are associated with placentation and early development, shedding a new insight into the proteins that may be potentially involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying early pregnancy loss.

Preliminary proteomic analysis on the alterations in follicular fluid proteins from women undergoing natural cycles or controlled ovarian hyperstimulation

“…Excised protein spots were decolorized, digested and extracted as Liu AX et al described [17]. Peptide samples were analyzed using a Bruker-Daltonics AutoFlex TOF-TOF LIFT Mass Spectrometer (Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany), and the peptide mass fingerprint data were searched by BioTools 3.0 software on MAS-COT (V2.1, Matrix Science, UK) for protein identification as described [20].…”

“…High-resolution analysis of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) is a powerful approach to compare patterns of protein expression, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) can be utilized to identify protein spots on 2-DE gels [17]. Here we investigated protein expression profiles in FF from womenundergoing COH or natural cycles.…”

T cell apoptosis at the maternal–fetal interface in early human pregnancy, involvement of galectin-1

“…Fifteen galectins have been described in mammals, of which gal1, gal3, gal9, and gal13 occur in the human placenta (4,(27)(28)(29)(30)(31). Cycling endometrium produces gal1 during the secretory phase, and its expression is augmented during early pregnancy.…”

“…It is expressed by various cells in the human placenta, including placental stromal cells, CD45 ϩ cells (29), cytotrophoblasts in cell columns, and syncytiotrophoblasts (28). Expression levels are reduced in patients with early pregnancy loss (27), suggesting that gal1 may play a role in maintaining pregnancy.…”

Caracterização protéica do micro-ambiente uterino durante o período crítico em bovinos

“…A proteômica tem contribuído grandemente para o entendimento da função dos genes, na era pós-genoma (LIU et al, 2006). Entretanto, a análise proteômica é tecnicamente desafiante, independente da técnica utilizada.…”