Proteomic Analysis of Rice Nonhost Resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici Using Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the only widely cultivated gramineous crops that cannot be infected by rust fungi. To decipher the molecular basis of rice nonhost resistance (NHR) to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), the causal agent of wheat stripe rust, proteomic analysis was performed using the two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) technique. The expressed proteins from rice leaves 24 and 48 h post inoculation with Pst and from mock-inoculated leaves were identified. Quantitative analysis revealed a total of 27 differentially expressed proteins in response to Pst inoculation. Most of these proteins fall into the category “response to stimulus” and are involved in basic resistance processes, such as glycerol-3-phosphate and hydrogen peroxide signaling. A homologue of wheat leaf rust resistance protein Lr10 was also identified, implicating multiple layers of plant defense are implicated in rice NHR to Pst. These results demonstrate an intrinsic relationship between host and nonhost resistance. Changes in abundance of these proteins, together with their putative functions reveal a comprehensive profile of rice NHR to Pst and provide new insights into plant immunity.

Intact spore MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and proteomic analysis of Puccinia pathogenic fungi

“…Many of the identified proteins were in accordance with those found in studies on germinating spores [38] or haustoria, which develop during the invasion of the host plant [39]. It is clear that there were host-pathogen interactions present in the given biological system when the studied spores were collected from wheat leaves.…”

Quantitative Proteomics Reveals the Defense Response of Wheat against Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici

“…For protein quantification, approximately 0.5 g fresh leaf tissue per sample was used to extract leaf total protein using the trichloroacetic acid-acetone precipitation method 59 . The cells were suspended in the Lysis buffer (7 mol/L Urea, 2 mol/L Thiourea, 4% CHAPS, 40 mmol/L Tris-HCl, pH 8.5, 1 mM PMSF, 2 mmol/L EDTA) and sonicated in ice.…”

Microscopic and Molecular Characterization of the Prehaustorial Resistance against Wheat Leaf Rust (Puccinia triticina) in Einkorn (Triticum monococcum)

“…Such candidate genes should be up-regulated or exclusively expressed in PI272560 already at very early time points after infection, and may be categorized in GO-categories related to resistance against pathogens. One of these is a Phosphoribulokinase (Supplementary Table S5) similar to the one identified by Zhao et al (2014) as related to a non-host reaction of rice to stripe rust. However, it is very unlikely that an individual gene is responsible for the observed non-host resistance.…”

“…However, this was not observed in accession 36554. Non-host resistance is usually accompanied by early H 2 O 2 production and metabolism as, e.g., in the pathosystem O. sativa - wheat stripe rust (Zhao et al, 2014). In cowpea infection with non-pathogenic rust fungi led to arrest of infection hyphae immediately after the formation of haustorial mother cells and autofluorescence, deposition of phloroglucinol/HCl-positive substances in plant cells contacting them as well as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and extracellular peroxidase activity as early as 10 and 24 hai was detected (Fink et al, 1991).…”