Proteomic Analysis of Pathogenic and Attenuated Alcelaphine Herpesvirus 1

Abstract

The gammaherpesvirus alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1) causes malignant catarrhal fever in susceptible ungulates but infects its natural host, wildebeest, without obvious clinical signs. In tissue culture, AlHV-1 is initially predominantly cell associated and virulent but on extended culture becomes cell-free and attenuated. We wanted to determine what changes in protein composition had taken place during the transition from virulent to attenuated virus in culture. Purified virus preparations were fractionated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and proteins were analyzed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Peptides were identified in serial gel slices by using MASCOT software to interrogate virus-specific and nonredundant sequence databases. Twenty-three AlHV-1-encoded proteins and six cellular proteins were identified in the attenuated and virulent viruses. Two polypeptides were detected in only the virulent virus preparations, while one other protein was found in only the attenuated virus. Two of these virus-specific proteins were identified by a single peptide, suggesting that these may be low-abundance virion proteins rather than markers of attenuation or pathogenesis. The results suggest that attenuation of AlHV-1 is not the result of gross changes in the composition of the virus particle but probably due to altered viral gene expression in the infected cell.

Proteomic Characterization of Bovine Herpesvirus 4 Extracellular Virions

“…Although we cannot rule out that gN was present but undetected by our MS approach, gN could also dissociate from gM in mature virions, as suggested for HCMV (55). The absence of gN detection in both HSV-1 (31) and AlHV-1 (13) virions is in agreement with this hypothesis.…”

“…In contrast, the BoHV-4 thymidine kinase (TK), encoded by ORF21, was not detected in virions (Table 1). This differs from other herpesviruses, where TK is expressed as a tegument protein (3,13,25,31,41,58). However, TK was also not detected in the alloherpesvirus CyHV-3 virions (38).…”

“…In recent years, mass spectrometry (MS)-based analysis has been used to identify the composition of different herpesviruses (2,3,7,13,25,27,28,31,41,53,55,58). Within rhadinoviruses, KSHV (3,58), rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (RRV) (41), and murid herpesvirus 4 (MuHV-4) (7) extracellular virions have been analyzed using this approach.…”

Annexins in Translational Research: HIDDEN Treasures to Be Found

“…In addition to IAV, AnxA1 is found associated with several other viruses [114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122]. Interestingly, no indications so far suggest that the viruses rely on its immune-modulating capacity to facilitate virus entry, although the AnxA1 receptor FPR2 is involved in IAV replication [123].…”

Emerging functions as host cell factors – an encyclopedia of annexin-pathogen interactions

“…Annexin A1 (AnxA1) is one of the most famous family members and there is a wealth of information on its protective anti-inflammatory and proresolving effects (Perretti and D'Acquisto, 2009 (Kattenhorn et al, 2004;Dry et al, 2008;Loret et al, 2008;Vidick et al, 2013), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) (Chertova et al, 2006), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) (Moerdyk-Schauwecker et al, 2009, Rift Valley fever virus (Nuss et al, 2014) and IAV (Shaw et al, 2008), and recent evidence points to a function of the AnxA1 receptor FPR2 in IAV replication (Tcherniuk et al, 2016). AnxA2 is a component of herpesviruses (Wright et al, 1994(Wright et al, , 1995Varnum et al, 2004;Zhu et al, 2005;Dry et al, 2008;Loret et al, 2008;Gershom et al, 2012;Vidick et al, 2013), IAV (LeBouder et al, 2008;Shaw et al, 2008;Liu et al, 2012), HIV-1 (Chertova et al, 2006), human papilloma virus (HPV) type 16 (Woodham et al, 2012), hepatitis C virus (HCV) type 1 (Backes et al, 2010), VSV (Moerdyk-Schauwecker et al, 2009, vaccinia virus (Chung et al, 2006), Rift Valley fever virus (Nuss et al, 2014) and Newcastle disease virus (Ren et al, 2012). AnxA5 is associated with herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 (Loret et al, 2008), HIV-1 (Chertova et al, 2006), VSV (Moerdyk-Schauwecker et al, 2009, Rift Valley fever virus (Nuss et al, 2014), and IAV (Shaw et al, 2008).…”