Proteomic analysis of Malaysian Horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas) hemocytes gives insights into its innate immunity host defence system and other biological processes

Abstract

Horseshoe crabs are one of the most studied invertebrates due to their remarkable innate immunity mechanism and biological processes. In this work, the proteins of the lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated and non-stimulated hemocytes of Malaysian Tachypleus gigas were profiled using LC-MS/MS. A total of 154 proteins were identified in both types of samples. Additionally, seventy-seven proteins were commonly found in both conditions, while 52 and 25 proteins were uniquely found in the LPS-stimulated and non-stimulated hemocytes, respectively. ATP-dependent energy-generating proteins such as actins and BLTX actin-related proteins were detected in both stimulated and non-stimulated T. gigas hemocytes, but more of such proteins were found in the former type. Proteins such as tachylectin-2, coagulogen, c-reactive proteins, histones, hemocyanin, and DNA polymerase, which play key roles in the organism’s innate immunity, were differentially expressed in the hemocytes following LPS challenge. In conclusion, the proteins identified in the hemolymph of T. gigas are vital for the organism’s molecular functions, biological processes, and activation of innate immunity.

Comparative putative metabolites profiling of Tachypleus gigas and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda hemocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide

“…Previous studies had conducted transcriptomics and proteomisc using hemocytes of horseshoe crabs 11 , 14 . The transcriptomics analysis reported 1338 genes were significantly upregulated, and 215 genes were downregulated after hemocytes were stimulated with LPS.…”

“…Previous studies by Sarmiento et al 11 and Adebayo et al . 14 elucidated hemocytes' transcriptomic and proteomic data stimulated with LPS and non-stimulated hemocytes.…”

Transcriptomic Signature of Horseshoe Crab Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda Hemocytes’ Response to Lipopolysaccharides

“…Another important outcome of LPS stimulation is the release of biologically active substances from the HSC hemocyte’s intracellular large and small granules, which contain defensive molecules such as protease inhibitors, clotting factors, antimicrobial proteins, and tachyplesin, tachistatin, tachicytins, and big defensins, in addition to a wide array of other antimicrobial peptides [ 8 , 13 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ].…”

Comparative putative metabolites profiling of Tachypleus gigas and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda hemocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide

“…Previous studies had conducted transcriptomic and proteomic using hemocytes of horseshoe crabs [11,14]. The transcriptomic analysis reported 1338 genes were signi cantly upregulated, and 215 genes were downregulated after hemocytes were stimulated with LPS.…”

“…(2021) [11] and Adebayo et al (2022) [14] elucidated the transcriptomic and proteomic data of hemocytes stimulated with LPS and non-stimulated hemocytes.…”