Proteomic Analysis of Human Sputum for the Diagnosis of Lung Disorders: Where Are We Today?

Iadarola, Paolo; Viglio, Simona

doi:10.3390/ijms23105692

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…The information of sputum in normal and disease state could be so vast that it may be considered the barometer of health. Studies of proteins in sputum have been carried out by several laboratories and more than 600 proteins found in sputum can be considered possible biomarkers of diseases [59][60][61][62]. Detection of sputum transferrin and urease has been found to be highly associated with pulmonary tuberculosis infection [59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case Report of a COVID-19 Infection with Positive Sputum and Negative Nasopharyngeal Rapid Antigen-Based Testing: A Practical Method to Explore Sputome

Guzman¹,

Guzman

2023

Preprint

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Current COVID19 antigen testing is primarily carried out by obtaining a specimen via nasopharyngeal swab and performing a rapid lateral flow immunoassay, LFIA, or related immunoassays. On average, a nasopharyngeal antigen based LFIA for COVID19 remains positive for approximately one week from symptom onset, and levels of infectivity and duration of the symptoms may depend primarily on carrying a high viral load enough to infect others. It has been proposed that patients with long COVID, a syndrome in which patients continue to have complications of COVID with ongoing symptoms, may have occurring viral replication, despite testing negative via rapid COVID antigen testing. We therefore propose a modified antigen-based method that exposes hidden or masked antigenic sites of viral specimens, or lingering fragments of viral proteins, present in sputum using a home based rapid immunoassay for COVID19. Almost all protocols for testing were performed according to LFIA kit manufacturer s instructions for the detection of SARSCoV2 nucleocapsid protein antigen, one of the most predominant proteins encoded by the SARSCoV2 virus. However, in challenging the manufacturer s instructions, one or more digestive enzymes and a detergent were added to the collected biosamples (nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, saliva, buccal, gargle, and sputum); this modified procedure expose hidden or masked antigenic sites of the coronavirus or crossreactant antigenic sites of related or non-related viruses, or some of the plethora of epitopes generated by the sample corresponding microbiota to accomplish an optimal binding to the commercial antibody used in the diagnostic test. The modified protocol can enhance detection sensitivity by making the resultant test band in sputum samples visible, that would otherwise not be seen, and consequently may generate a false negative result, in a nasopharyngeal sample from a patient with mild symptoms of COVID19 and or low viral load. Therefore, a need exists for an improved sample pre-treatment extraction procedure that allows optimization of sample preparation to attain a more accurate test result. Although the experiments described here were performed using commercial platforms, with antibodies directed to SARSCoV2 nucleocapsid antigen, this method may also be viable for the detection of any other pathogen in sputum by using antibodies directed to the key antigens present in the pathogen of interest. Furthermore, this modified method to expose the content of sputum can be used as a simple protocol to study the sputome, the proteome of sputum, and other omics, sputomics. In summary, this simple method is non-invasive, rapid, inexpensive, accurate, and may provide increased sensitivity and specificity in the detection of COVID19 antigens for several weeks or even months

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case Report of a COVID-19 Infection with Positive Sputum and Negative Nasopharyngeal Rapid Antigen-Based Testing: A Practical Method to Explore Sputome

Guzman¹,

Guzman

2023

Preprint

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“…TNF-α is expressed by activated macrophages and neutrophils, and it has been reported that its concentration in sputum increases up to fourfold during AE compared with that of healthy individuals . MPO is also released by neutrophils, producing hypochlorous acid bactericide . The device presented here not only detects the presence of MPO in sputum samples but also electrochemically measures the MPO activity using an appropriate redox mediator.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering a Point-of-Care Paper-Microfluidic Electrochemical Device Applied to the Multiplexed Quantitative Detection of Biomarkers in Sputum

et al. 2023

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Health initiatives worldwide demand affordable point-of-care devices to aid in the reduction of morbidity and mortality rates of high-incidence infectious and noncommunicable diseases. However, the production of robust and reliable easy-to-use diagnostic platforms showing the ability to quantitatively measure several biomarkers in physiological fluids and that could in turn be decentralized to reach any relevant environment remains a challenge. Here, we show the particular combination of paper-microfluidic technology, electrochemical transduction, and magnetic nanoparticle-based immunoassay approaches to produce a unique, compact, and easily deployable multiplex device to simultaneously measure interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, and myeloperoxidase biomarkers in sputum, developed with the aim of facilitating the timely detection of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The device incorporates an on-chip electrochemical cell array and a multichannel paper component, engineered to be easily aligned into a polymeric cartridge and exchanged if necessary. Calibration curves at clinically relevant biomarker concentration ranges are produced in buffer and artificial sputum. The analysis of sputum samples of healthy individuals and acutely exacerbated patients produces statistically significant biomarker concentration differences between the two studied groups. The device can be mass-produced at a low cost, being an easily adaptable platform for measuring other disease-related target biomarkers.

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“…In recent years, proteomic analysis of sputum has gained increasing attention in the study of COPD. 77 In a recent pilot study, Dasgupta et al 55 explored the profile of sputum proteins in asthma, COPD, and chronic bronchitis. Eight proteins (Azurocidin1, Neutrophil defensin 3, Lactotransferrin, Calmodulin 3, Coronin1A, Mucin 5B, Mucin 5AC and BPI fold containing family B1) which could differentiate between exacerbation prone and nonexacerbators were identified.…”

Section: Sputummentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic Biomarkers Based on Proteomic Technology in COPD: A Recent Review

Fang¹,

Liu²,

Yang³

et al. 2023

COPD

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common heterogeneous respiratory disease which is characterized by persistent and incompletely reversible airflow limitation. Due to the heterogeneity and phenotypic complexity of COPD, traditional diagnostic methods provide limited information and pose a great challenge to clinical management. In recent years, with the development of omics technologies, proteomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics, etc., have been widely used in the study of COPD, providing great help to discover new biomarkers and elucidate the complex mechanisms of COPD. In this review, we summarize the prognostic biomarkers of COPD based on proteomic studies in recent years and evaluate their association with COPD prognosis. Finally, we present the prospects and challenges of COPD prognostic-related studies. This review is expected to provide cutting-edge evidence in prognostic evaluation of clinical patients with COPD and to inform future proteomic studies on prognostic biomarkers of COPD.

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Proteomic Analysis of Human Sputum for the Diagnosis of Lung Disorders: Where Are We Today?

Cited by 17 publications

References 101 publications

A Case Report of a COVID-19 Infection with Positive Sputum and Negative Nasopharyngeal Rapid Antigen-Based Testing: A Practical Method to Explore Sputome

A Case Report of a COVID-19 Infection with Positive Sputum and Negative Nasopharyngeal Rapid Antigen-Based Testing: A Practical Method to Explore Sputome

Engineering a Point-of-Care Paper-Microfluidic Electrochemical Device Applied to the Multiplexed Quantitative Detection of Biomarkers in Sputum

Prognostic Biomarkers Based on Proteomic Technology in COPD: A Recent Review

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