Proteomic analysis of differential anther development from sterile/fertile lines in Capsicum annuum L.

Abstract

Background Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a major cash crop throughout the world. Male sterility is an important characteristic in crop species that leads to a failure to produce functional pollen, and it has crucial roles in agricultural breeding and the utilization of heterosis. Objectives In this study, we identified many crucial factors and important components in metabolic pathways in anther and pollen development, and elucidated the molecular mechanism related to pollen abortion in pepper. Methods Pepper pollen was observed at different stages to detect the characteristics associated with male sterility and fertility. The phytohormone and oxidoreductase activities were detected in spectrophotometric and redox reaction assays, respectively. Proteins were extracted from male sterile and fertile pepper lines, and identified by TMT/iTRAQ (tandem mass tags/isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation) and LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer) analysis. Differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were analyzed based on Gene Ontology annotations and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database according to |fold change)| > 1.3 and P value < 0.05. DAPs were quantified in the meiosis, tetrad, and binucleate stages by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). Results In this study, we screened and identified one male sterile pepper line with abnormal cytological characteristics in terms of pollen development. The peroxidase and catalase enzyme activities were significantly reduced and increased, respectively, in the male sterile line compared with the male fertile line. Phytohormone analysis demonstrated that the gibberellin, jasmonic acid, and auxin contents changed by different extents in the male sterile pepper line. Proteome analysis screened 1,645 DAPs in six clusters, which were mainly associated with the chloroplast and cytoplasm based on their similar expression levels. According to proteome analysis, 45 DAPs were quantitatively identified in the meiosis, tetrad, and binucleate stages by PRM, which were related to monoterpenoid biosynthesis, and starch and sucrose metabolism pathways. Conclusions We screened 1,645 DAPs by proteomic analysis and 45 DAPs were related to anther and pollen development in a male sterile pepper line. In addition, the activities of peroxidase and catalase as well as the abundances of phytohormones such as gibberellin, jasmonic acid, and auxin were related to male sterility. The results obtained in this study provide insights into the molecular mechanism responsible for male sterility and fertility in pepper.

Key candidate genes for male sterility in peppers unveiled via transcriptomic and proteomic analyses

“…In the previous proteomic studies of pepper, 1645 differentially abundant proteins were found via proteomic analysis, 45 of which were related to the anther and pollen development of MS lines of pepper, indicating that many proteins were involved in the flowering process of pepper ( Pei et al., 2022 ). Mutations in different strains can result from various factors, including natural environmental influences or external environmental conditions.…”

Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses of Celery Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line and Its Maintainer Line

“…In WA352 , the rice chorionic felt layer can be triggered prematurely by PCD, leading to pollen abortion [ 56 ]. Premature or delayed PCD of the chorionic felt layer in Arabidopsis all led to the occurrence of male sterility [ 57 ]. Similarly, some studies have reported that the adenine phosphoribosyl transferase activity deficient mutants in Arabidopsis were male sterile, which could be attributed to the abortion of pollen [ 58 ].…”

Inhalable vaccine of bacterial culture supernatant extract mediates protection against fatal pulmonary anthrax

“…Serially diluted commercial recombinant PA (rPA, 171E, List Labs, Campbell, CA, USA) was the reference standard. To identify the constituents of the CSE vaccine, the culture supernatant from starting strain A16R and the CSE vaccine were identified using tandem mass tags (TMT, A44522, Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS, EASY-nLC 1200 UPLC system, Thermo Fisher Scientific) as previously described [ 21 ]. The differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were considered upregulated if |FC (A16R/CSE)| ≥ 1.2 or downregulated if |FC (A16R/CSE)| ≤ 0.83 with corrected P -values < 0.05.…”