Proteomic analyses of the interaction between the plant‐growth promoting rhizobacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa E681 and Arabidopsis thaliana

Abstract

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) facilitate the plant growth and enhance their induced systemic resistance (ISR) against a variety of environmental stresses. In this study, we carried out integrative analyses on the proteome, transcriptome, and metabolome to investigate Arabidopsis root and shoot responses to the well-known PGPR strain Paenibacillus polymyxa (P. polymyxa) E681. Shoot fresh and root dry weights were increased, whereas root length was decreased by treatment with P. polymyxa E681. 2DE approach in conjunction with MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis revealed a total of 41 (17 spots in root, 24 spots in shoot) that were differentially expressed in response to P. polymyxa E681. Biological process- and molecular function-based bioinformatics analysis resulted in their classification into seven different protein groups. Of these, 36 proteins including amino acid metabolism, antioxidant, defense and stress response, photosynthesis, and plant hormone-related proteins were up-regulated, whereas five proteins including three carbohydrate metabolism- and one amino acid metabolism-related, and one unknown protein were down-regulated, respectively. A good correlation was observed between protein and transcript abundances for the 12 differentially expressed proteins during interactions as determined by qPCR analysis. Metabolite analysis using LC-MS/MS revealed highly increased levels of tryptophan, indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and camalexin in the treated plants. Arabidopsis plant inoculated P. polymyxa E681 also showed resistance to Botrytis cinerea infection. Taken together these results suggest that P. polymyxa E681 may promote plant growth by induced metabolism and activation of defense-related proteins against fungal pathogen.

Proteomic Analysis Reveals the Positive Roles of the Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium NSY50 in the Response of Cucumber Roots to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum Inoculation

“…In contrast, Kwon et al (2016) found that some of the proteins related to the glycolysis pathway, such as FBA and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex component E2, were significantly up-regulated by the PGPR strain P. polymyxa E681 in Arabidopsis roots. Carbohydrate metabolism provides the plant with required carbon, which is critical for the production of new tissues, and also can have profound effects on plant growth through modulation of cell division and expansion (Eveland and Jackson, 2012; Kwon et al, 2016). In this study, we found that the application of P. polymyxa NSY50 increased the abundance of FRK, ENO, BFRUCT, and ATPase compared to control conditions.…”

“…tomato DC3000 in Arabidopsis (Jones et al, 2006) and were increased in response to various hormones, such as salicylic acid, ethylene, methyl jasmonate, and auxin, and to biotic and abiotic stress (Lieberherr et al, 2003; Faltin et al, 2010). Additionally, Kwon et al (2016) found that four glutathione S-transferases were significantly up-regulated by plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium P. polymyxa E681 in Arabidopsis and suggested that the activation of defense-related proteins may the reason for resistance to the fungal pathogen. It was reported that the overexpression of GSTs induced by another PGPR, P. fluorescens , had an essential role in the ISR by priming rice plants and protecting cells from oxidative damage (Kandasamy et al, 2009).…”

“…A dynamic protein network was designed to explain the mechanism of P. putida UW4 to release hypoxic stress and promote cucumber growth (Li et al, 2013b). Proteins involved in growth promotion and defense reactions were significantly induced in Arabidopsis following inoculation with Paenibacillus polymyxa E681 (Kwon et al, 2016). In addition, many other researchers have used proteomics to investigate plant-pathogen interactions.…”

Effect of Exopolysaccharides of the Bacterium Paenibacillus Polymyxa 1465 on Growth and Defense Responses of Wheat

“…polymyxa имеет сложные специфические взаимоотношения с растением-хозяином на моле-кулярно-генетическом уровне. Так, сообщалось о стимуляции ферментативной активности хити-назы и β-1,3-D-глюканазы [6], глюкозо-6-фосфат дегидрогеназы, глутатион редуктазы и глутатион S-трансферазы [7,8] в растениях, инокулиро-ванных P. polymyxa. Повышение хитиназной и β-1,3-D-глюканазной активности в растениях, как известно, коррелирует с резистентностью к фитопатогенам.…”

“…Повышение хитиназной и β-1,3-D-глюканазной активности в растениях, как известно, коррелирует с резистентностью к фитопатогенам. К числу ферментов, играющих важную роль в повышении устойчивости рас-тений к различным стрессам, относят и белки с антиоксидантными свойствами, индуцируемые ризобактериями P. polymyxa [8]. К примеру, были идентифицированы 10 белков с такими свой-ствами (среди них -тиоредоксин редуктаза 2, глутатион пероксидаза 6, пероксидаза 43) и по-казано повышение их активности в корнях и побегах Arabidopsis thaliana, инокулированных ризосферным штаммом P. polymyxa E681 [8].…”