Proteomes and Phosphoproteomes of Anther and Pollen: Availability and Progress

Abstract

In flowering plants, anther development plays crucial role in sexual reproduction. Within the anther, microspore mother cells meiosis produces microspores, which further develop into pollen grains that play decisive role in plant reproduction. Previous studies on anther biology mainly focused on single gene functions relying on genetic and molecular methods. Recently, anther development has been expanded from multiple OMICS approaches like transcriptomics, proteomics/phosphoproteomics, and metabolomics. The development of proteomics techniques allowing increased proteome coverage and quantitative measurements of proteins which can characterize proteomes and their modulation during normal development, biotic and abiotic stresses in anther development. In this review, we summarize the achievements of proteomics and phosphoproteomics with anther and pollen organs from model plant and crop species (i.e. Arabidopsis, rice, tobacco). The increased proteomic information facilitated translation of information from the models to crops and thus aid in agricultural improvement.

Response mechanisms induced by exposure to high temperature in anthers from thermo-tolerant and thermo-sensitive tomato plants: A proteomic perspective

“…This proteomic study showed that as many as nineteen proteins belonged to the Folding, Sorting and Degradation functional category and most of them were overexpressed under HT, thus confirming their key role in the adaptation process. Among those, two 70kDa heat shock proteins, whose molecular function is the binding to unfolded proteins, and small heat shock proteins that act as co-chaperones, were overexpressed under HT, as also reported in other plant proteomic studies on stress response mechanisms [ 19 , 26 , 48 ].…”

Affinity proteomics reveals extensive phosphorylation of the Brassica chromosome axis protein ASY1 and a network of associated proteins at prophase I of meiosis

“…Moreover, the fact that the relationship between mRNA transcription and the cellular level of the corresponding proteins is nonlinear, the possibility of alternatively spliced meiotic protein variants (Kalsotra and Cooper, ; Schmid et al ., ; Sprink and Hartung, and Wang et al ., ), plus evidence from budding yeast and other species that post‐translational modifications of meiotic proteins play a key role in their function (for example, Rockmill and Roeder, ; Lin et al ., ; Attner et al ., ), increases the complexity still further. Proteomic studies present a similarly complex picture (Zhang et al ., ). Analysis of the proteome and phosphoproteome of Oryza sativa (rice) anthers identified 4984 proteins and 3203 phosphoproteins associated with early anther development and meiosis (Ye et al ., ), whereas a further study focusing on rice meiocytes identified 1316 proteins (Collado‐Romero et al ., ).…”

Fertilisation and Cell Cycle in Angiosperms

“…It implies that core cell cycle regulators are involved that blocks gamete cells either in G1 or in G2, especially in the waiting or quiescent egg cell, and that in both the male and female gametophyte key regulatory pathways ensure this coordination. Progress in gamete isolation (Englhart et al, 2017;Schoft et al, 2015;Santos et al, 2017) and developments in transcriptomics and proteomics (Zhang et al, 2017b) are anticipated to put us in a position to identify the key core cell cycle regulators in this process. Although our knowledge is still fragmented due to our limits of detection, the emerging data on sperm (Table 1) and egg cells are in line with our knowledge about the cell cycle regulators involved in the key cell cycle transitions.…”