Proteome, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid changes in cucumber plants inoculated with Trichoderma asperellum strain T34

Abstract

Trichoderma spp. is one of the most commonly used biological control agents against plant pathogens. This fungus produces changes in plant metabolism, thus increasing growth and enhancing resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, its modes of action remain to be defined. In the first hours of interaction between cucumber plant roots and Trichoderma asperellum strain T34, salicylic and jasmonic acid levels and typical antipathogenic peroxidase activity increase in the cotyledons to different degrees depending on the applied concentration of the fungi. The use of 2-DE protein profiling and MS analysis allowed us to identify 28 proteins whose expression was affected in cotyledons after cucumber root colonization by Trichoderma applied at high concentrations: 17 were found to be up-regulated while 11 were down-regulated. Proteins involved in ROS scavenging, stress response, isoprenoid and ethylene biosynthesis, and in photosynthesis, photorespiration, and carbohydrate metabolism were differentially regulated by Trichoderma. The proteome changes found in this study help to give an understanding of how Trichoderma-treated plants become more resistant to pathogen attacks through the changes in expression of a set of defence-oriented proteins which can directly protect the plant or switch the metabolism to a defensive, nonassimilatory state.

The Molecular Basis of Shoot Responses of Maize Seedlings to Trichoderma harzianum T22 Inoculation of the Root: A Proteomic Approach

“…However, these categories also include spots that belong solely to the stress-and cell wall-related processes, thus supporting the interpretation that these processes are indeed upregulated. In support of our findings, several stressrelated proteins were found to be up-regulated in another proteomic study of cucumber plants inoculated with T. asperellum (Seggara et al, 2007).…”

“…The jasmonate/ethylene pathway of induced resistance was shown to be induced in cucumbers inoculated by Trichoderma asperellum (Shoresh et al, 2005). Evidence for the involvement of ethylene in plant systemic responses to Trichoderma inoculation was also demonstrated by Seggara et al (2007) and by Djonovic et al (2007). The strong increase in Met synthase in maize whose roots are colonized by T22 and the induced systemic resistance that is generated in this system (Harman et al, 2004b) are consistent with the concept that ethylene is involved in the response of maize to Trichoderma inoculation.…”

Changes in the Production of Salicylic and Jasmonic Acid in Potato Plants (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i>) as Response to Foliar Application of Biotic and Abiotic Inductors

“…and P. fluorescens, a significant increase was observed in the production of SA 3 h after application, which coincides with the results reported by Segarra et al [21] by Trichoderma asperellum spores inoculation in cucumber plants, activating the systemic resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans, where the highest SA production was detected at the same time reported in this study.…”

Trichoderma gamsii affected herbivore feeding behaviour on Arabidopsis thaliana by modifying the leaf metabolome and phytohormones

“…SA is a key player in the regulation of plant‐induced resistance. Inoculation of Trichoderma has been observed to increase SA levels in cucumber plants (Segarra et al ., 2007). However, SA levels were decreased by T. gamsii F18 in Arabidopsis ; this might be due to a specific strain effect of T. gamsii F18.…”

“…In plant–insect interactions, the SA‐dependent pathway is induced by phloem‐feeding insects, whereas the JA‐dependent pathway is induced by chewing insects (Walling, 2000; De Vos et al ., 2005; Glazebrook, 2005; Pieterse et al ., 2012). Studies have reported that Trichoderma can activate both JA‐ and SA‐related signalling pathways in host plants (Segarra et al ., 2007; Contreras‐Cornejo et al ., 2011; Martinez‐Medina et al ., 2011). The larval‐herbivore performance on SA mutants was not affected by T. gamsii F18 treatment further confirming that the resistance to T. ni attack induced by T. gamsii F18 is SA‐dependent.…”