Proteome network analysis of skeletal muscle in lignan-enriched nutmeg extract-fed aged mice

Abstract

Sarcopenia, characterized by reduced muscle mass and fiber number leading to muscular atrophy, has been associated with serious socioeconomic challenges among the elderly in developed countries. Therefore, preventing sarcopenia could be a promising strategy for achieving a healthy aging society. Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) has been used as a spice to increase flavor and prevent putrefaction of food. Nutmeg contains various bioactive components that improve muscle activity. To determine the potential effect of lignan-enriched nutmeg extract (LNX) on sarcopenia, LNX (100 mg/kg body weight)-fed aged mice were subjected to forced exercise. Herein, aged (22-month-old) mice fed LNX for three weeks exhibited a shortened and thickened soleus muscle. The ratio of the soleus muscle mass (%) to body weight was significantly increased in LNX-fed aged mice. The relative increase in muscle mass in LNX-fed aged mice improved exercise activities, including rotarod, swimming, and grip strength test results. Proteome profiles of the soleus muscle of LNX-fed mice were used to analyze protein–protein interaction network. Several myosin heavy chain isoforms were found to interact with actin, ACTA1, which functions as a hub protein. Furthermore, the expression of myogenic proteins, such as MYH1, MYH4, and ACTA1, was dose-dependently increased in vivo. In result, our functional proteomic analysis revealed that feeding LNX restored muscle proteins in aged mice.

Studying Antifatigue Mechanism of Tyr-Pro-Leu-Pro in Exercise Mice Using Label-Free Proteomics

“…Moreover, actin was downregulated by exercise fatigue in rat skeletal muscle . Lee et al . found the supplement of lignan-rich nutmeg extract upregulated the Acta1 expression in muscle tissue of aged mice.…”

“…35 Moreover, actin was downregulated by exercise fatigue in rat skeletal muscle. 16 Lee et al 36 found the supplement of lignan-rich nutmeg extract upregulated the Acta1 expression in muscle tissue of aged mice. Thus, YPLP contributed to the generation of muscle protein, thereby maintaining the muscle structure and tolerance.…”

Anti‑adipogenic effect and underlying mechanism of lignan‑enriched nutmeg extract on 3T3‑L1 preadipocytes

“…These findings illustrated that the nutmeg extraction method for concentrating bioactive lignan compounds, while removing toxic substances, has great potential for the treatment of various metabolic diseases. In previous studies, the authors prepared lignan-enriched nutmeg extract (LNX), which would comprise minimal levels of toxic myristicin (<0.5%) and maximum nectandrin B ( 28 ) and reported that LNX restores muscle proteins in aged mice ( 30 ), suggesting the potential of LNX as a therapeutic agent to overcome sarcopenia. However, the anti-obesity (antiadipogenic, prolipolytic and anti-inflammatory) effects of LNX on preadipocytes remain unclear.…”